A pathogen effector HaRxL10 hijacks the circadian clock component CHE to perturb both plant development and immunity.

The intertwining between the life cycle of plants and their pathogens made the plant circadian clock an integral constituent of the plant immune system. Reciprocally, pathogens were also found to perturb the expression pattern of certain clock genes. However, how pathogens influence clock components remains largely unknown.

Alterations of Hepatic Lipidome Occur in a Gouty Model: A Shotgun Lipidomics Study.

Background: Liver injury, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is a common symptom observed in patients with gout/hyperuricaemia. However, the exact mechanisms are still unclear. There is ongoing controversy about whether representative agents like colchicine and febuxostat, commonly used to manage gout, could also help prevent the liver injury.

Metal Variance in Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks for Boosting Catalytic Conversion of CO.

Developing efficient, low-cost, MOF catalysts for CO conversion at low CO concentrations under mild conditions is particularly interesting but remains highly challenging. Herein, we prepared an isostructural series of two-dimensional (2D) multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) containing copper- and/or silver-based cyclic trinuclear complexes (Cu-CTC and Ag-CTC). These MTV-MOFs can be used as efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for the cyclization of propargylamine with CO.

Highly sensitive humidity sensor based on composite film of partially reduced graphene oxide and bacterial cellulose.

Breathing is an important physiological activity of human body, which not only reflects the state of human movement, but also is one of the important health indicators. Breathing can change the concentration of water molecules, so monitoring humidity has gradually become a hot topic in modern research. In this study, a humidity sensing composite film with high sensitivity and short response time was made by using the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and bacterial cellulose (BC) with simple dry film-forming method.

Confinement loss prediction in diverse anti-resonant fibers through neural networks.

In this work, genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for predicting the confinement loss (CL) in anti-resonant fibers (ARFs), achieving a prediction accuracy of CL magnitude reached 90.6%, which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the highest accuracy to date and marks the first instance of using a single model to predict CL across diverse ARF structures. Different from the previous definition of ARF structures with parameter groups, we use anchor points to describe these structures, thus eliminating the differences in expression among them.

Targeted delivery of Fc-fused PD-L1 for effective management of acute and chronic colitis.

The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in mucosal immunity is currently actively explored and considered as a target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. However, systemic PD-L1 administration may cause unpredictable adverse effects due to immunosuppression. Here we show that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive nanoparticles enhance the efficacy and safety of PD-L1 in a mouse colitis model.

Inflammatory Pathogenesis of Post-stroke Depression.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a complex mood disorder that emerges in individuals following a stroke, characterized by the development of depressive symptoms. The pathogensis of PSD is diverse, with inflammation playing a vital role in its onset and progression. Emerging evidence suggests that microglial activation, astrocyte responses, nuclear factor κB(NF-κB) signaling, dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, neurotransmitter imbalances, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its receptors and oxidative stress are intricately linked to the pathogenesis of PSD.

Effects of food emulsifiers on high fat-diet-induced obesity, intestinal inflammation, changes in bile acid profile, and liver dysfunction.

Obesity has become one of the most prevalent health concerns of our time. A long-term high-fat diet is closely related to obesity. Food emulsifiers are incorporated into high-fat foods to enhance the texture and stability.

Normobaric hypoxia shows enhanced FOXO1 signaling in obese mouse gastrocnemius muscle linked to metabolism and muscle structure and neuromuscular innervation.

Skeletal muscle relies on mitochondria for sustainable ATP production, which may be impacted by reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). Compared with long-term hypoxia, the mechanistic in vivo response to acute hypoxia remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to provide an integrated description of the Musculus gastrocnemius response to acute hypoxia.

Lipidomics analysis facilitate insight into the molecular mechanisms of urate nephropathy in a gout model induced by combination of MSU crystals injection and high-fat diet feeding.

Renal injury is one of the most common clinical manifestations of patients with hyperuricaemia/gout. The precise pathophysiological mechanism(s) for the renal injury is still unknown. Furthermore, it is also unclear whether the clinical therapies (e.

A Phytophthora infestans RXLR effector AVR8 suppresses plant immunity by targeting a desumoylating isopeptidase DeSI2.

The potato's most devastating disease is late blight, which is caused by Phytophthora infestans. Whereas various resistance (R) genes are known, most are typically defeated by this fast-evolving oomycete pathogen. However, the broad-spectrum and durable R8 is a vital gene resource for potato resistance breeding.

Lipidomics characterized TAG biosynthesis of developing kernels in three walnut cultivars in Xinjiang region.

Walnut oil with very high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids exhibits many health beneficial effects. We hypothesized that the oil composition is led by a special pattern/mechanism for triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis as well as accumulation in walnut kernel during embryo development. To test this hypothesis, shotgun lipidomics was performed for class-targeted lipid analysis (including TAG, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and lysophosphatidylcholine species) in walnut kernels from three cultivar collected at three critical stages of embryo development.

The Analysis of the Glycosyltransferase Gene Function From a Novel Granaticin Producer, Streptomyces Vilmorinianum. YP1.

Glycosylation is common among the synthesis of natural product and imparts the bioactivity for natural product. As for granaticin, a natural product with great bioactivity, glycosylation is an unusual sugar attachment and remains enigmatic. Orf14 in the gra cluster is the predicted glycosyltransferase but without being identified.

Multi-omics analyses of 398 foxtail millet accessions reveal genomic regions associated with domestication, metabolite traits, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), which was domesticated from the wild species green foxtail (Setaria viridis), is a rich source of phytonutrients for humans. To evaluate how breeding changed the metabolome of foxtail millet grains, we generated and analyzed the datasets encompassing the genomes, transcriptomes, metabolomes, and anti-inflammatory indices from 398 foxtail millet accessions. We identified hundreds of common variants that influence numerous secondary metabolites.

Expressional and functional comparisons of five clustered odorant binding proteins in the brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play essential roles in the functioning of insect peripheral olfactory systems. To fully understand the olfactory roles of OBPs in Halyomorpha halys, an important invasive pest found worldwide, we studied the expression and functional characterization of five OBP-associated genes from H. halys that are clustered in the genome.

Exposure to multiple pyrethroid insecticides affects ovarian follicular development via modifying microRNA expression.

Pyrethroids, a class of insecticides widely used in agriculture and residential pest control, have been considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Our previous epidemiological study reported a positive association of urinary levels of pyrethroid metabolites with the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency in women, suggesting that pyrethroid exposure may be a potential risk factor for female ovarian health. In this study, female mice at gestational, lactational or peripubertal stages were exposed to eight most commonly used pyrethroids at the doses of acceptable daily intake (ADI) recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

HDAC3-Regulated PGE2 Production by Microglia Induces Phobic Anxiety Susceptibility After Stroke and Pointedly Exploiting a Signal-Targeted Gamma Visual Stimulation New Therapy.

Background: Phobic anxiety present after stroke (called poststroke anxiety, PSA) can hamper the rehabilitation of patients and disrupt their usual activities. Besides, the symptoms and mechanisms of PSA are different from those in nonstroke populations that have generalized anxiety disorder. What's more, the treatment approaches for phobic anxiety are confined to unitary or general methods with poor efficiency.

Ketamine inhibits TNF-α-induced cecal damage by enhancing RIP1 ubiquitination to attenuate lethal SIRS.

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a sepsis-associated inflammatory state and a self-defense mechanism against specific and nonspecific stimuli. Ketamine influences many key processes that are altered during sepsis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Lifelong exposure to pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin at environmentally relevant doses causes primary ovarian insufficiency in female mice.

Pyrethroids are a class of widely used insecticides. Our recent epidemiological study of Chinese women reported that pyrethroid exposure was positively associated with the risk of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). In this study, we utilized cypermethrin (CP), the most frequently detected pyrethroid in the environment, to recognize how lifelong and low-dose exposure to pyrethroids affects ovarian functions and the underlying mechanism(s).

Subtle Signals of Status on Social Network Sites: Evidence From China.

Social network sites (SNS) have been indispensable channels for people to access information, present themselves, and conduct commercial activities. Existing literature on online consumer behavior mainly focus on Western consumers and on explicit conspicuous signals. However, reports have shown that SNS users in China have exceeded 370 million, ranking the first in the world.

MUC1 regulates AKT signaling pathway by upregulating EGFR expression in ovarian cancer cells.

MUC1, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, mediates tumor growth and cellular differentiation in various types of cancers. However, the mechanism of MUCI in ovarian cancer has not been fully clarified. In our study, we have observed that MUC1 can play a crucial role in the development and progression of ovarian cancer and act as a predictive marker.