Hypocholesterolemic Effects of the Cauliflower Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Sparassis crispa (Higher Basidiomycetes), in Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats.

The cauliflower culinary-medicinal mushroom, Sparassis crispa, possesses various biological activities that have been widely reported to have therapeutic applications. We examined the effects of S. crispa on serum cholesterol, hepatic enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism, and fecal sterol excretion in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet for 4 weeks.

Lipase-mediated lipid removal from propolis extract and its antiradical and antimicrobial activity.

Background: Propolis contains many antioxidants such as polyphenols and flavonoids. However, propolis-derived lipid components interrupt an efficient isolation of antioxidants from propolis extract. We examined the effectiveness of various lipase treatments for the removal of lipids from propolis extract and evaluated the biological features of the extract.

The bioavailability of red ginseng extract fermented by Phellinus linteus.

For the improvement of ginsenoside bioavailability, the ginsenosides of fermented red ginseng by Phellinus linteus (FRG) were examined with respect to bioavailability and physiological activity. The polyphenol content of FRG (19.14±0.

Yeast hydrolysate protects cartilage via stimulation of type II collagen synthesis and suppression of MMP-13 production.

Type II collagen (COL II) is one of the primary components of hyaline cartilage and plays a key role in maintaining chondrocyte function. COL II is the principal target of destruction, and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) have a major role in arthritis. In the present study, we investigated the chondroctye protection effects of specific fraction of yeast hydrolysate ((10-30 kDa molecular weight peptides).

Effects of yeast hydrolysate on hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice: yeast hydrolysate suppresses body fat accumulation by attenuating fatty acid synthesis.

Aims: We observed whether the anti-obesity activity of yeast hydrolysate (YH) was due to the alteration of lipid-regulating enzyme activities.

Methods: Male ICR mice were divided into four groups: a normal diet group (ND; 4.2% fat), a high-fat diet group (HF; 27.

Anti-complementary activity of enzyme-treated traditional Korean rice wine (Makgeolli) hydrolysates.

Background: Makgeolli brewed from rice contains about 150 g kg(-1) alcohol and has a fragrance as well as an acidic and sweet taste. During the brewing process, by-products such as rice bran and brewery cake are produced. At the end of fermentation the matured mash is transferred to a filter cloth and the Makgeolli is squeezed out from the cake, leaving the lees of the mash.

Changes of ginsenoside content by mushroom mycelial fermentation in red ginseng extract.

To obtain microorganisms for the microbial conversion of ginsenosides in red ginseng extract (RGE), mushroom mycelia were used for the fermentation of RGE. After fermentation, total sugar contents and polyohenol contents of the RGEs fermented with various mushrooms were not a significant increase between RGE and the ferments. But uronic acid content was relatively higher in the fermented RGEs cultured with Lentus edodes (2155.

Stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells by yeast hydrolysate.

In a previous study, it was reported that yeast hydrolysate (YH) was effective in promoting bone growth in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To further clarify the mechanism of YH, the effects of YH on proliferation, differentiation and gene expression in vitro were investigated using osteoblastic cell lines (MC3T3-E1). Cell proliferation increased significantly as much as 110% of the basal value when cells were treated with 100 µg/mL of YH.

Influence of steeping solution and storage temperature on the color change of garlic.

Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to investigate the browning of garlic under different steeping conditions and storage temperatures. The brown indices of steeped garlics showed lowest values (7.3 and 7) in 25% and 50% EtOH at 7 d of storage.

Acute and subacute toxicity of yeast hydrolysate from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The objective of this study was to obtain data on the safety-in-use of yeast hydrolysate in 10-30 kDa molecular weight as a dietary supplement by assessing its acute and subacute oral toxicity in female and male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The single oral dose of the hydrolysate at 5000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or significant changes in the general behavior and gross appearance of the internal organs of rats. In subacute toxicity study, the hydrolysate was administered orally at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day for a period of 14 days.

Yeast hydrolysate induces longitudinal bone growth and growth hormone release in rats.

This study investigated the growth promoting effects of yeast extract (YH) fed to Sprague-Dawley male rats (3 weeks old) for 4 weeks. The negative (N)-control and positive (P)-control groups were given a daily oral administration of saline and foremilk (1 g/kg of BW), respectively, and the YH-1 and YH-2 groups were given daily administrations of YH (0.5 and 1 g/kg of BW, respectively).

Psyllium husk combined with hydroxycitrate reduces body weight gain and body fat in diet-induced obese rats.

The fortified physiological activities of psyllium with hydroxycitrate (HCA) will promote the use of this mixture in making nutraceutical foods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-fat diets containing fiber-free (control), cellulose (F-control), psyllium husk (WF-1), and psyllium husk + HCA (WF-2) for 4 weeks. Weight gains in WF-2 were significantly lower than those of the control (P < .

Cloning and expression of the cathepsin F-like cysteine protease gene in Escherichia coli and its characterization.

In this study, we have cloned a novel cDNA encoding for a papain-family cysteine protease from the Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library of the polychaete, Periserrula leucophryna. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter system, and the protease was characterized after partial purification. First, the partial DNA fragment (498 bp) was amplified from the total RNA via RT-PCR using degenerated primers derived from the conserved region of cysteine protease.

Hypoglycemic effects of exopolysaccharides produced by mycelial cultures of two different mushrooms Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii in ob/ob mice.

The anti-diabetic activities of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by submerged mycelial culture of two different mushrooms, Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii, in ob/ob mice were investigated. All the animals were randomly divided into three groups with seven animals in each group: The control group received 0.9% NaCl solution; the diabetic groups were treated with EPS from T.