Sustained inhibition of CSF1R signaling augments antitumor immunity through inhibiting tumor-associated macrophages.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the key immunosuppressive components in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contribute to tumor development, progression, and resistance to cancer immunotherapy. Several reagents targeting TAMs have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies, but they have had limited success. Here, we show that a unique reagent, FF-10101, exhibited a sustained inhibitory effect against colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor by forming a covalent bond and reduced immunosuppressive TAMs in the TME, which led to strong antitumor immunity.

Hysteroscopic Endometrial Defect Following Adenomyomectomy and Incidence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum and Uterine Rupture Complications for Subsequent Pregnancy.

Adenomyomectomy, a therapeutic option for women with adenomyosis who wish to preserve their fertility, has been reported to pose a risk of developing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and uterine rupture in future pregnancies. However, the specific clinical factors contributing to these occurrences remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the association between hysteroscopic findings after adenomyomectomy and the incidence of PAS in subsequent pregnancies.

BET inhibitor JQ1 induces apoptosis of ovarian and endometrial endometrioid carcinoma cells by downregulating .

Although ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC), frequently associated with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC), is often diagnosed at an early stage, the prognosis remains poor. The development of new, effective drugs to target these cancers is highly desirable. The bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins serve a role in regulating transcription by recognizing histone acetylation, which is implicated in several types of cancer.

Association of Plasma Nestin With Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Combined With Chemotherapy in Extensive-stage Small-cell Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Background/aim: Nestin, an intermediate filament protein expressed in stem/progenitor cells of the developing central nervous system, is involved in the progression and poor prognosis of various malignancies. Difficulties in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) tissue biopsy reduce the accuracy of immunohistochemistry analyses; therefore, evaluating nestin in blood samples is preferred in clinical practice. This study examined the clinical significance of plasma nestin levels in SCLC.

Oxoammonium salts exert antiviral effects against coronavirus via denaturation of their spike proteins.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection has forced social changes worldwide. Development of potent antiviral agents is necessary to prevent future pandemics. Titanium oxide, a photocatalyst, is a long-acting antiviral agent; however, its effects are weakened in the dark.

Neurological outcomes and associated perinatal factors in infants born between 22 and 25 weeks with active care.

Objectives: To elucidate the outcomes of periviable infants receiving active care (AC) and explore perinatal factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study on infants born at 22-25 weeks of gestation, all of whom received AC. A developmental quotient (DQ) ≥ 85 at corrected 18 months was judged as normal.

Effect of build orientation on the wear resistance and hardness of denture teeth fabricated using digital light processing: An in vitro study.

Purpose: This in vitro study investigated the effect of build orientation on the wear resistance and hardness of denture teeth fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) compared to other denture tooth materials.

Methods: Disc-shaped specimens were prepared using denture tooth monomers and DLP devices in three build orientations: 0°, 45°, and 90°. Specimens of the same shape were fabricated using denture tooth materials for subtractive manufacturing, commercially available polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin, and composite resin.

Impact of human papillomavirus types on uterine cervical neoplasia.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. As the natural history of HPV-associated cervical lesions is HPV genotype-dependent, it is important to understand the characteristics of these genotypes and to manage them accordingly. Among high-risk HPVs, HPV16 and 18 are particularly aggressive, together accounting for 70% of HPV genotypes detected in cervical cancer.

Allelic loss of HLA class I facilitates evasion from immune surveillance in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) has been reported to occur in HLA regions in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. However, the details of how this is related to the progression of CIN have been unclear. In this study, we examined the human papillomavirus (HPV) antigen-presenting capacity of people with CIN and the significance of LOH of HLA class I in the progression of CIN.

Heterogeneous treatment effect of dose-dense paclitaxel plus carboplatin therapy for advanced ovarian cancer.

A Japanese clinical trial (JGOG3016) showed that dose-dense weekly paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin extensively prolonged overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. However, in other clinical trials, dose-dense paclitaxel regimens were not superior to triweekly paclitaxel regimens. In this study, causal tree analysis was applied to explore subpopulations with different treatment effects of dose-dense paclitaxel in a data-driven approach.

Ulipristal (UPA) effects on rat ovaries: Unraveling follicle dynamics, ovulation inhibition, and safety implications for prolonged use.

Ulipristal (UPA), a selective progesterone receptor modulator, has both agonistic and antagonistic effects on progesterone receptors. UPA suppresses ovulation by inhibiting the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge from the pituitary gland; however, the direct effect of UPA on ovarian tissue remains poorly studied. In the present study, we examined the effects of UPA on the ovaries of rats.

Hypoxia suppresses glucose-induced increases in collective cell migration in vascular endothelial cell monolayers.

Blood glucose levels fluctuate during daily life, and the oxygen concentration is low compared to the atmosphere. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) maintain vascular homeostasis by sensing changes in glucose and oxygen concentrations, resulting in collective migration. However, the behaviors of ECs in response to high-glucose and hypoxic environments and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Role of Topology in Relaxation of One-Dimensional Stochastic Processes.

Stochastic processes are commonly used models to describe dynamics of a wide variety of nonequilibrium phenomena ranging from electrical transport to biological motion. The transition matrix describing a stochastic process can be regarded as a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Unlike general non-Hermitian systems, the conservation of probability imposes additional constraints on the transition matrix, which can induce unique topological phenomena.

Inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 activates interferon signaling and induces the apoptosis of endometrial cancer cells via histone modification.

Histone modification, a major epigenetic mechanism regulating gene expression through chromatin remodeling, introduces dynamic changes in chromatin architecture. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including prostate, lung and endometrial cancer (EC). Epigenome regulates the expression of endogenous retrovirus (ERV), which activates interferon signaling related to cancer.

The Role of microRNAs Related to Apoptosis for -Methyl-d-Aspartic Acid-Induced Neuronal Cell Death in the Murine Retina.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of acquired blindness and characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that degrade their target mRNAs. Apoptosis is one of the common mechanisms leading to neuronal death in many neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma.

The automatic diagnosis artificial intelligence system for preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of uterine sarcoma.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is efficient for the diagnosis of preoperative uterine sarcoma; however, misdiagnoses may occur. In this study, we developed a new artificial intelligence (AI) system to overcome the limitations of requiring specialists to manually process datasets and a large amount of computer resources.

Methods: The AI system comprises a tumor image filter, which extracts MRI slices containing tumors, and sarcoma evaluator, which diagnoses uterine sarcomas.

Novel Digenic Variants in and Causing X-Linked Alport Syndrome: A Case Report.

Introduction: Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary, progressive kidney disease characterized by structural abnormalities and dysfunction of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). AS is classified as X-linked, autosomal, and digenic. The number of cases of digenic AS has increased, but the genotype-phenotype correlation of patient with digenic AS is still unclear.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of women with adenomyosis pain during pregnancy: a retrospective study.

Objectives: Adenomyosis is associated with unfavorable perinatal outcomes, and recent case reports show that some women with adenomyosis experience pain at the adenomyosis lesion during pregnancy and have detrimental perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of this pain and perinatal outcomes associated with this phenomenon.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of pregnant women with adenomyosis.

Evaluation of the effects of glucose and oxygen on the vascular endothelial cell migration.

Glucose is essential as the main energy source for living organisms. However, excessive elevation of blood sugar levels can lead to diabetes and serious complications such as arteriosclerosis. Even though blood sugar levels as well as hypoxia associated with hyperglycemia are known to be closely related to diabetes complications, the responses of vascular endothelial cells to glucose and oxygen have not been fully investigated.