Disruption of BMP and FGF signaling prior to blastema formation causes permanent bending and skeletal malformations in Poecilia latipinna tail fin.

Teleost fish, such as Poecilia latipinna, exhibit remarkable regenerative capabilities, making them excellent models for studying tissue regrowth. They regenerate body parts like the tail fin through epimorphic regeneration, involving wound healing, blastema formation (a pool of proliferative cells), and tissue differentiation. Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) and Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) signaling pathways play crucial roles in this process, but their specific functions during blastema formation remain unclear.

Hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery for people with peritoneal metastases: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: We compared the relative benefits, harms and cost-effectiveness of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy + cytoreductive surgery ± systemic chemotherapy versus cytoreductive surgery ± systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, gastric or ovarian cancers by a systematic review, meta-analysis and model-based cost-utility analysis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and the Science Citation Index, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP trial registers until 14 April 2022.

CHMP2A regulates broad immune cell-mediated antitumor activity in an immunocompetent in vivo head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model.

Background: Natural killer (NK) cells are key effector cells of antitumor immunity. However, tumors can acquire resistance programs to escape NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Identifying mechanisms that mediate this resistance enables us to define approaches to improve immune-mediate antitumor activity.

Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy for people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, ovarian or gastric origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: There is uncertainty in the relative benefits and harms of hyperthermic intraoperative peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) when added to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) +/- systemic chemotherapy or systemic chemotherapy alone in people with peritoneal metastases from colorectal, gastric, or ovarian cancers.

Methods: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the medical literature until April 14, 2022 and applied methods used for high-quality systematic reviews.

Findings: We included a total of eight RCTs (seven RCTs included in quantitative analysis as one RCT did not provide data in an analyzable format).

The KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 axis regulates susceptibility to diverse coronaviruses by mediating viral receptor expression.

Identification of host determinants of coronavirus infection informs mechanisms of pathogenesis and may provide novel therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that the histone demethylase KDM6A promotes infection of diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in a demethylase activity-independent manner. Mechanistic studies reveal that KDM6A promotes viral entry by regulating expression of multiple coronavirus receptors, including ACE2, DPP4 and Ceacam1.

Surgical Field Quality in Trans-Nasal Endoscopic Surgeries Using Lignocaine Infusion and Dexmedetomidine Infusion. A Prospective Randomized Control Study.

Trans-nasal endoscopic surgery (TNES) is a helpful diagnostic and therapeutic modality in otorhinolaryngology surgeries and requires controlled hypotension for better visualization of the surgical field. Recent literature shows evidence of intravenous Lignocaine infusion to produce the controlled hypotension. The study aims to assess and compare the effects of Lignocaine (LIG) and Dexmedetomidine (DEX) infusion with respect to surgical field quality.

Virtual classroom proficiency-based progression for robotic surgery training (VROBOT): a randomised, prospective, cross-over, effectiveness study.

Robotic surgery training has lacked evidence-based standardisation. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of adjunctive interactive virtual classroom training (VCT) in concordance with the self-directed Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) curriculum. The virtual classroom is comprised of a studio with multiple audio-visual inputs to which participants can connect remotely via the BARCO weConnect platform.

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of Differential Gene Expression among Various Stages of Tail Regeneration in .

Across the animal kingdom, lizards are the only amniotes capable of regenerating their lost tail through epimorphosis. Of the many reptiles, the northern house gecko, , is an excellent model system that is used for understanding the mechanism of epimorphic regeneration. A stage-specific transcriptome profile was generated in the current study following an autotomized tail with the HiSeq2500 platform.

The Impact of Same Gender Speed-Mentoring on Women's Perceptions of a Career in Surgery - A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Mentoring is critically important for the personal and professional development of a surgeon. Early career stage mentoring by same-gender role models may help ameliorate the gender imbalance in surgery based on our understanding of barriers for women pursuing surgical careers. A novel method of establishing these relationships is speed mentoring.

Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: A Parallel-group, Non-inferiority, Adjudicator-blinded, Randomised Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL).

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual classroom training (VCT) in comparison to face-to-face training (FFT) and non-interactive computer-based learning (CBL) for basic surgical skills training.

Design: This was a parallel-group, non-inferiority, prospective randomised controlled trial with three intervention groups conducted in 2021. There were three intervention groups with allocation ratio 1:1:1.

Virtual Interactive Surgical Skills Classroom: Protocol for a Parallel-Group, Noninferiority, Adjudicator-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial (VIRTUAL).

Background: Traditional face-to-face training (FFT) for basic surgical skills is inaccessible and resource-intensive. Noninteractive computer-based learning is more economical but less educationally beneficial. Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel method that permits distanced interactive expert instruction.

Salvage Versus Primary Robot-assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Propensity-matched Comparative Effectiveness Study from a High-volume Tertiary Centre.

Background: Salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) is a potential treatment option for locally recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) after nonsurgical primary treatment. There are minimal data comparing outcomes between propensity-matched sRARP and primary robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Objective: The primary objective is to compare perioperative, oncological, and functional outcomes of sRARP with primary RARP, and the secondary is to compare outcomes between sRARP after whole and focal gland therapy.

Anesthetics or anesthetic techniques and cancer surgical outcomes: a possible link.

As of 2018 cancer is responsible for almost 9.6 million deaths annually and, with an aging population, the incidence of cancer is expected to continue to rise. Surgery is an important treatment modality for patients with solid organ cancers.

A prospective randomized trial of xylometazoline drops and epinephrine merocele nasal pack for reducing epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation.

Background: The most frequent complication of nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is epistaxis. Epinephrine nasal gauze packing has been used conventionally as a pre-treatment for reducing epistaxis, but it carries a disadvantage of pain and anxiety in patients. However, xylometazoline drops are easier to administer and more convenient for patients.

Fibroblast growth factor-2 signaling modulates matrix reorganization and cell cycle turnover rate in the regenerating tail of Hemidactylus flaviviridis.

Lizards restore their lost tail by the recruitment of multipotent cells which are selectively differentiated into varied cell types so as to sculpt a new tail. The precise coordination of the events involved in this complex process requires crosstalk between many signaling molecules and differential regulation of several mediators that facilitate the achievements of various milestones of regeneration. Fibroblast growth factor-2 is one such signaling molecule which activates a number of intracellular signaling pathways.

Regeneration of caudal fin in : Insights into the progressive tissue morphogenesis.

Studies using fish fin as a model to understand the nuance of epimorphosis are gaining interest of lately. This study illustrates for the first time the daily changes in the tissue architecture of regenerating tail fin of . Wound epithelium is formed within 24 hpa that eventually gets stratified into apical epithelial cap by 48 hpa.

Ablation of BMP signaling hampers the blastema formation in Poecilia latipinna by dysregulating the extracellular matrix remodeling and cell cycle turnover.

Bone morphogenetic proteins play a pivotal role in the epimorphic regeneration in vertebrates. Blastema formation is central to the epimorphic regeneration and crucially determines its fate. Despite an elaborate understanding of importance of Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in regeneration, its specific role during the blastema formation remains to be addressed.

Inherent variations in the cellular events at the site of amputation orchestrate scar-free wound healing in the tail and scarred wound healing in the limb of lizard Hemidactylus flaviviridis.

Lizards are unique in having both-regeneration competent (tail) as well as non-regenerating appendages (limbs) in adults. They therefore present an appropriate model for comparing processes underlying regenerative repair and nonregenerative healing after amputation. In the current study, we use northern house gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis to compare major cellular and molecular events following amputation of the limb and of the tail.

Evaluation of multikinase inhibitor LDN193189 induced hepatotoxicity in teleost fish .

Currently, scientists show keen interest in the drugs that inhibit multiple kinases, LDN193189, being an example. It combats certain cancers as well as , making it a prerequisite for researchers to study the toxic potential of this drug in animal models. As most of the drugs metabolized by liver cause hepatic injury, LDN193189-induced hepatotoxicity was examined using a teleost fish, .

Protein expression pattern and analysis of differentially expressed peptides during various stages of tail regeneration in Hemidactylus flaviviridis.

Epimorphic regeneration is a process allowing the animal to regain its lost structure which depends on the resident pluripotent stem cells as well as de-differentiation of existing cells to form multi-potent stem cells. Many studies have been done to understand the appendage regeneration mechanism. The animal model used since decades is an urodele amphibian the axolotl.

BMP signaling regulates the skeletal and connective tissue differentiation during caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna).

Caudal fin regeneration in sailfin molly, Poecilia latipinna (Lesueur 1821) involves an initial wound healing stage, followed by blastema that is formed of fast proliferating cells. In order to replicate the lost fin, correct differentiation of the blastemal cells into various tissues is the prime essence. Among the molecular signals governing proper differentiation of blastemal cells, members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family are crucial.