Enhancing drought resilience: machine learning-based vulnerability assessment in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Drought is a natural and complex climatic hazard. It has both natural and social connotations. The purpose of this study is to use machine learning methods (MLAs) for drought vulnerability (DVM) in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Integration of satellite image-derived temperature and water depth for assessing fish habitability in dam controlled flood plain wetland.

The present study attempted to investigate the changes in temperature conducive to fish habitability during the summer months in a hydrologically modified wetland following damming over a river. Satellite image-driven temperature and depth data calibrated with field data were used to analyse fish habitability and the presence of thermally optimum habitable zones in some fishes, such as labeo rohita, cirrhinus mrigala, tilapia fish, small shrimp, and catfish. The study was conducted both at the water's surface and at the optimum depth of survival.

Impact of wetland fragmentation due to damming on the linkages between water richness and ecosystem services.

Evaluation of the importance of ecosystem services (ES) of various wetlands is well reported with global and regional level research, but the degree to which spatial-temporal variations in water richness (availability of water) have had an effect on ES has not yet been examined. The present work is intended to investigate the influence of wetland fragmentation due to damming on wetland water richness and the impact of changes in water richness on the ecosystem service value (ESV) of the wetland-dominated rivers of the lower Punarbhaba Basin, India, and Bangladesh, as the case. Water richness models of pre- and post-dam periods have been constructed based on four hydro-ecological parameters (hydro-period, depth of water, consistency of water appearance, and wetland size) following the semi-quantitative analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

Measuring dam induced alteration in water richness and eco-hydrological deficit in flood plain wetland.

Along with wetland loss, the damming effect on hydrological modification in wetland is another less debated and challenging topic, which needs to have urgent attention. The present work intended to investigate the damming effect on the water richness and eco-hydrological condition of the floodplain wetland and its consequent ecological responses in Punarbhaba River Basin of India and Bangladesh. Satellite images derived hydro-period, water presence frequency (WPF), and water depth were generated for developing water richness model in pre (up to 1992) and post dam conditions (1993-2019).