Prevalence and predictors of radiographic pneumonia in children with wheeze: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diagnostic uncertainty exists surrounding the identification of radiographic pneumonia in children with wheeze. It is important to determine the prevalence and clinical predictors of pneumonia in this population to limit chest radiography (CXR) and promote judicious antibiotic use.

Objectives: The objectives were to (1) estimate the prevalence of radiographic pneumonia in children with wheeze and (2) systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of clinical findings for the identification of radiographic pneumonia.

Developing Consensus on Clinical Outcomes for Children with Mild Pneumonia: A Delphi Study.

Background: The absence of consensus for outcomes in pediatric antibiotic trials is a major barrier to research harmonization and clinical translation. We sought to develop expert consensus on study outcomes for clinical trials of children with mild community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Methods: Applying the Delphi method, a multispecialty expert panel ranked the importance of various components of clinical response and treatment failure outcomes in children with mild CAP for use in research.

Does This Child Have Pneumonia?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.

Importance: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. It is important to identify the clinical symptoms and physical examination findings associated with pneumonia to improve timely diagnosis, prevent significant morbidity, and limit antibiotic overuse.

Objective: To systematically review the accuracy of symptoms and physical examination findings in identifying children with radiographic pneumonia.

Update on HIV-associated nephropathy.

Purpose Of Review: HIV-associated nephropathy is characterized by a constellation of pathologic findings including a collapsing glomerulopathy, tubular dilatation, and interstitial infiltration with leukocytes. This review summarizes some of the recent advances in our understanding of the gene products and signaling pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy.

Recent Findings: Podocytes infected with HIV-associated nephropathy exhibit podocyte proliferation and de-differentiation.