A computational cardiopulmonary physiology simulator accurately predicts individual patient responses to changes in mechanical ventilator settings.

We present new results validating the capability of a high-fidelity computational simulator to accurately predict the responses of individual patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome to changes in mechanical ventilator settings. 26 pairs of data-points comprising arterial blood gasses collected before and after changes in inspiratory pressure, PEEP, FiO, and I:E ratio from six mechanically ventilated patients were used for this study. Parallelized global optimization algorithms running on a high-performance computing cluster were used to match the simulator to each initial data point.

Modeling Mechanical Ventilation In Silico-Potential and Pitfalls.

Computer simulation offers a fresh approach to traditional medical research that is particularly well suited to investigating issues related to mechanical ventilation. Patients receiving mechanical ventilation are routinely monitored in great detail, providing extensive high-quality data-streams for model design and configuration. Models based on such data can incorporate very complex system dynamics that can be validated against patient responses for use as investigational surrogates.

Pre-hospital continuous positive airway pressure after blast lung injury and hypovolaemic shock: a modelling study.

Background: In non-traumatic respiratory failure, pre-hospital application of CPAP reduces the need for intubation. Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) accompanied by haemorrhagic shock is common after mass casualty incidents. We hypothesised that pre-hospital CPAP is also beneficial after PBLI accompanied by haemorrhagic shock.

Electronic structure and core electron fingerprints of caesium-based multi-alkali antimonides for ultra-bright electron sources.

The development of novel photocathode materials for ultra-bright electron sources demands efficient and cost-effective strategies that provide insight and understanding of the intrinsic material properties given the constraints of growth and operational conditions. To address this question, we propose a viable way to establish correlations between calculated and measured data on core electronic states of Cs-K-Sb materials. To do so, we combine first-principles calculations based on all-electron density-functional theory on the three alkali antimonides CsSb, CsKSb, and CsKSb with x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) on Cs-K-Sb photocathode samples.

Learning ideals: Critical reflections on a near-peer initiative at Leeds.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Previous definitions of peer-assisted learning portray the peer-teacher as a non-expert in teaching content and delivery.

Lung epithelial permeability and inhaled furosemide: added dimensions in asthmatics.

Objective: Lung clearance rates of inhaled (99m)Tc-DTPA aerosols constitute a sensitive index to evaluate the permeability changes characteristic of airway epithelial damage. It was thought that edema of the airway wall which is reported in asthma could be relieved with a diuretic like furosemide, helping to relieve the symptoms. We intended to study the effect of inhaled furosemide on lung epithelial permeability in asthmatics and smokers with the help of (99m)Tc-DTPA lung clearance test (LCT).