Publications by authors named "Sonal Jain"

The 2021 WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors introduced significant changes based on molecular and biological tumor characteristics, aiming to improve prognostication and enable more precise treatment approaches. This study investigated the awareness, adoption, and impact of the new classification on adult glioma management among healthcare professionals in Africo-Asian region. Through a structured survey questionnaire distributed across these regions, assessment of the level of awareness, diagnostic changes, challenges faced, and future perspectives among respondents was done.

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Background: The articulatory system, which consists of the tongue, lips, teeth, hard palate, and soft palate, is a component of phonetics, the study of speech sounds. Speech sounds are negatively impacted by the lack of teeth and surrounding tissues in edentulous people. Phonetics has not gotten the same level of attention as denture mechanics and aesthetics, despite notable developments in these areas.

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Background: The role of phonetics in the construction of removable dental prostheses is critical for ensuring patient satisfaction and optimal functionality. This study aims to evaluate the awareness and understanding of phonetic considerations among dental students during the fabrication of removable prostheses.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 dental students.

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Background: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dental traits and anomalies in five North Indian populations (Khas Bodhi, Jaat, Khatri, Garhwali, and Gujjar) and predict the population of origin based on these traits and anomalies for forensic applications.

Methods: We assessed dental traits and anomalies in 454 individuals through intraoral examination. Neural network analysis was employed to predict the population of origin based on a combination of dental traits and anomalies.

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Rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are crucial to bridge the TB diagnostic gap. Leveraging recent advancements in COVID-19 diagnostics, we explored adapting commercially available POC SARS-CoV-2 tests for TB diagnosis in line with the World Health Organization (WHO) target product profiles (TPPs). A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines to systematically map POC antigen and molecular SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests potentially meeting the TPPs for TB diagnostic tests for peripheral settings.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focuses on improving the detection and classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) to prevent vision loss in diabetic patients through a new model called XceSE_SparseLwMLA-UNet.
  • This model incorporates advanced mechanisms such as Squeeze-and-Excitation for feature adjustment and Sparse Lightweight Multi-Level Attention for integrating complex information, leveraging transfer learning to optimize performance.
  • Results indicate that the model significantly outperforms existing classification systems, providing better accuracy and visual outputs that help medical professionals assess DR severity effectively.
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Mars' water history is fundamental to understanding Earth-like planet evolution. Water escapes to space as atoms, and hydrogen atoms escape faster than deuterium giving an increase in the residual D/H ratio. The present ratio reflects the total water Mars has lost.

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Introduction: Rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics are a key priority to close the TB diagnostic gap of 3.1 million people without a diagnosis. Leveraging the recent surge in COVID-19 diagnostic innovation, we explored the potential adaptation of commercially available SARS-CoV-2 tests for TB diagnosis, aligning with World Health Organization (WHO) target product profiles (TPPs).

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed numerous obstacles to psychosocial wellbeing for children. We conducted a longitudinal study to evaluate child mental health and social risks during the pandemic.

Methods: Participants were 172 caregivers of children aged 6-11 years old who attended well child visits within 6 months before pandemic onset at an urban safety net hospital in the US.

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Unlabelled: Irrigation is one of the steps that is very crucial in a high-quality endodontic treatment. Hence, irrigant with good substantivity is essential which must not only be effective for the dissolution of the organic tissues but also effectively eliminate bacterial contamination. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of gentamicin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole (GAM) antibiotic solution, chitosan and their combination (GAMC), and analyze their sustained release property.

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Background and objectives Lupus vulgaris is a chronic, progressive, paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs in persons with moderate to high immunity. Due to its varied clinical presentation, it can masquerade as different dermatological conditions. This study describes the demographic patterns and varieties of clinical manifestations that can be possible in this curable illness.

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Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is a known cause of female infertility. Worldwide incidence is 5%-10% and annual burden in India is around 4%-7%. It is known to cause tubal and endometrial damage.

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Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune attack by cytotoxic T-cells. The clinical course is variable, with episodes of remission and exacerbation. A clinicopathological scoring system for cutaneous LP is not available for effectively assessing disease severity and monitoring treatment response.

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Infection-associated hemophagocytosis is a diagnostic challenge. The varied presentation makes timely diagnosis difficult. We report two cases with unusual presentation of well-established secondary triggers for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

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Background: Remarkable diversity of skin tones among Indians ranging from pale pinkish to dark brown appears to be an ideal choice for the assessment of skin pigment variation.

Aim: The present study was designed to assess the variation observed in melanin and erythema indices among north Indians.

Material And Methods: Skin reflectance data (n = 574) was collected from six diverse populations of north India using DermaSpectrometer (DSM II ColorMeter) followed by statistical analysis to investigate the impact of geographical location and gender on constitutive skin pigmentation.

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Aging is one of the most important risk factors for a number of human diseases. Epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation patterns, have been reported to be one of the hallmarks of aging. Being a malleable process, the role of site-specific DNA methylation in aging is being extensively investigated; however, much less attention has been given to alterations in global DNA methylation with aging at the population level.

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Microscopic traits and ultrastructure of hair such as cross-sectional shape, pigmentation, curvature, and internal structure help determine the level of variations between and across human populations. Apart from cosmetics and anthropological applications, such as determining species, somatic origin (body area), and biogeographic ancestry, the evidential value of hair has increased with rapid progression in the area of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP). Individuals differ in the features of their scalp hair (greying, shape, colour, balding, thickness, and density) and facial hair (eyebrow thickness, monobrow, and beard thickness) features.

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Variability in the Martian upper atmosphere is strongly linked to the lower atmosphere and much of it can be attributed to vertical wave propagation. Atmospheric tides in particular are a well-known phenomenon in the Martian atmosphere that play a key role in the transport of energy as they propagate to higher altitudes. Previous theoretical predictions and observations suggest that tides producing wavenumber-2 and wavenumber-3 patterns are strongest in a fixed local time at high altitudes, however, the energy they carry and the region of deposition are not well characterized.

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COVID-19 is arguably the biggest health crisis the world has faced in the 21st century. Therefore, two of the polyherbal formulations, Infuza and Kulzam were assessed for the prevention of COVID-19 infection as a repurposed medication. Four hundred seven high-risk subjects were recruited in the present open-label randomized controlled clinical trial for eligibility.

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Introduction: Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) has provided better understanding of various phenotypic features (e.g., height, skin colour, eye colour, structure and shape of scalp hair, baldness, facial features etc.

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C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a rare entity that is defined by glomerular pathology characterized by predominant deposition of C3 in the glomeruli, with absent or scant immunoglobulin deposition. The aim of this study was to diagnose this rare entity, using clinical features, light microscopy (LM) and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings. A retrospective study was done from January 2016 to December 2018.

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Hydrocephalus is a common clinical problem encountered in neurosurgical practice. With greater subspecialisation, pediatric neurosurgery has emerged as a special discipline in several countries. However, in the developing world, which inhabits a large pediatric population, a limited number of neurosurgeons manage all types of hydrocephalus across all ages.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The text discusses a novel molecular electronics chip that utilizes single molecules as general-purpose sensors, allowing for ultra-miniaturized electronic circuits.
  • - The device features a semiconductor chip with an array of synthetic molecular wires connected to nanoelectrodes, enabling real-time monitoring of molecular interactions at high speeds (1,000 frames per second).
  • - It demonstrates the ability to measure single-molecule interactions, such as those involving DNA, antibodies, and enzymes, with exceptional sensitivity and without needing labels, which can enhance various applications in biosensing and diagnostics.
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