Optimizing agricultural sustainability: enriched organic formulations for growth, yield, and soil quality in a multi-crop system.

Utilizing agricultural and industrial wastes, potent reservoirs of nutrients, for nourishing the soil and crops through composting embodies a sustainable approach to waste management and organic agriculture. To investigate this, a 2-year field experiment was conducted at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, focusing on a pigeon pea-vegetable mustard-okra cropping system. Seven nutrient sources were tested, including a control (T), 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (T), 100% RDN through improved rice residue compost (T), 100% RDN through a paddy husk ash (PHA)-based formulation (T), 75% RDN through PHA-based formulation (T), 100% RDN through a potato peel compost (PPC)-based formulation (T), and 75% RDN through PPC-based formulation (T).