Management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings: global expert consensus statements using a Delphi method.

Purpose: To generate consensus and provide expert clinical practice statements for the management of adult sepsis in resource-limited settings.

Methods: An international multidisciplinary Steering Committee with expertise in sepsis management and including a Delphi methodologist was convened by the Asia Pacific Sepsis Alliance (APSA). The committee selected an international panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in sepsis management.

Association Between Admission Systolic Blood Pressure and Outcomes in Patients with Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-National Multicenter Cohort Study.

The optimal prehospital blood pressure in patients following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. We aimed to assess the association between the systolic blood pressure (SBP) at emergency department triage and patient outcomes following isolated moderate-to-severe TBI. We conducted a cross-national multicenter retrospective cohort study using the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study database from January 1, 2016, to November 30, 2018.

Mechanisms and selectivity of methanol oxidation on PtRuM/C-MWCNT (M = Fe and Co) electrocatalysts.

Methanol oxidation efficiency and resistance to CO poisoning are the most challenging issues associated with direct methanol fuel cells. Much experimental effort has been undertaken, such as generating Pt-based binary and ternary nanoparticles, creating composite substrates, and fabricating nanoparticles with special shapes, to overcome these drawbacks. Our previous experiment showed that ternary PtRuM/C-MWCNT (M = Fe and Co; C-MWCNT = carbon Vulcan-multiwalled carbon nanotube) electrocatalysts exhibited high methanol oxidation activity and tolerance to CO poisoning.

Hydrogen storage in M(BDC)(TED) metal-organic framework: physical insights and capacities.

Finding renewable energy sources to replace fossil energy has been an essential demand in recent years. Hydrogen gas has been becoming a research hotspot for its clean and free-carbon energy. However, hydrogen storage technology is challenging for mobile and automotive applications.

Unravelling the effects of functional groups on the adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole on a copper surface: a DFT study.

The adsorption of organic compounds onto metal surfaces holds significant importance across various applications, where understanding the intricate interactions between the compounds and the metal surfaces is indispensable. By using density functional theory calculations, this study investigated the impact of functional groups on the interaction between the thione form of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and the Cu(111) surface. The results indicated that substituting functional groups at the C6 position exerts a dual influence on the covalent and non-covalent interactions (NCI).

A data-driven QSPR model for screening organic corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel using machine learning techniques.

Machine learning (ML) techniques have shown great potential for screening corrosion inhibitors. In this study, a data-driven quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model using the gradient boosting decision tree (GB) algorithm combined with the permutation feature importance (PFI) technique was developed to predict the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of organic compounds on carbon steel. The results showed that the PFI method effectively selected the molecular descriptors most relevant to the IE.

Prognostic evaluation of quick sequential organ failure assessment score in ICU patients with sepsis across different income settings.

Background: There is conflicting evidence on association between quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and sepsis mortality in ICU patients. The primary aim of this study was to determine the association between qSOFA and 28-day mortality in ICU patients admitted for sepsis. Association of qSOFA with early (3-day), medium (28-day), late (90-day) mortality was assessed in low and lower middle income (LLMIC), upper middle income (UMIC) and high income (HIC) countries/regions.

Carbon dioxide conversion to methanol on a PdCo bimetallic catalyst.

The CO conversion to methanol (CO-to-CHOH conversion) is a promising way to resolve greenhouse gas emissions and global energy shortage. Many catalysts are of interest in improving the efficiency of the conversion reaction. The PdCo alloy is a potential catalyst, but no research is available to clarify the CO-to-CHOH reaction mechanism of this alloy.

Clinical utility of procalcitonin in implementation of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic stewardship in the South-East Asia and India: evidence and consensus-based recommendations.

Introduction: The South-East Asian (SEA) region and India are highly susceptible to antibiotic resistance, which is caused due to lack of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) knowledge, uncontrolled use of antibiotics, and poor infection control. Nonadherence to national/local guidelines, developed to combat antimicrobial resistance, is a major concern. A virtual advisory board was conducted to understand the current AMS standards and challenges in its implementation in these regions.

Bandgap engineering of germanene for gas sensing applications.

Gas sensors are used to detect gas components in human breath to diagnose diseases, such as cancers. However, choosing suitable two-dimensional materials for gas sensors is a challenge. Germanene can be a good candidate because of its outstanding electronic and structural properties.

Characteristic of school injuries in Asia: a cross-national, multi-center observational study.

Background: To prevent school injuries, thorough epidemiological data is an essential foundation. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of school injuries in Asia and explore risk factors for major trauma.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the participating centers of the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study from October 2015 to December 2020.

Development of a prediction model for emergency medical service witnessed traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A multicenter cohort study.

Background/purpose: To develop a prediction model for emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to identify trauma patients at high risk of deterioration to emergency medical service (EMS)-witnessed traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) on the scene or en route.

Methods: We developed a prediction model using the classical cross-validation method from the Pan-Asia Trauma Outcomes Study (PATOS) database from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020. Eligible patients aged ≥18 years were transported to the hospital by the EMS.

Analysis of Trauma Characteristics Between the Older and Younger Adult Patient from the Pan Asian Trauma Outcome Study Registry (PATOS).

Objective: Asia is experiencing a demographic shift toward an aging population at an unrivaled rate. This can influence the characteristics and outcomes of trauma. We aim to examine different characteristics of older adult trauma patients compared to younger adult trauma patients and describe factors that affect the outcomes in Asian countries.

Theoretical investigation of CO capture in the MIL-88 series: effects of organic linker modification.

CO capture is a crucial strategy to mitigate global warming and protect a sustainable environment. Metal-organic frameworks with large surface area, high flexibility, and reversible adsorption and desorption of gases are good candidates for CO capture. Among the synthesized metal-organic frameworks, the MIL-88 series has attracted our attention due to their excellent stability.

Discriminant ability of the shock index, modified shock index, and reverse shock index multiplied by the Glasgow coma scale on mortality in adult trauma patients: a PATOS retrospective cohort study.

Background: The shock index (SI) predicts short-term mortality in trauma patients. Other shock indices have been developed to improve discriminant accuracy. The authors examined the discriminant ability of the SI, modified SI (MSI), and reverse SI multiplied by the Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG) on short-term mortality and functional outcomes.

Effects of functional groups in iron porphyrin on the mechanism and activity of oxygen reduction reaction.

The activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the cathode is one of the dominant factors in the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Iron porphyrin has low cost, environmental benignity, and maximum efficiency of metal usage. Therefore, this material can be a promising single-atomic metal dispersion catalyst for fuel cell cathodes.

Physical insights into the Au growth on the surface of a LaAlO/SrTiO heterointerface.

Researchers investigated the modification of the LaAlO/SrTiO interface with Au overlayers and nanoparticles, which led to the change of various physical properties. However, no research is available to elucidate insights into the interaction of Au with the LaAlO/SrTiO substrate. Therefore, this study is devoted to solving the question using density functional theory calculations.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Traumatic Cardiac Arrests in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study.

Objective: Little is known about survival outcomes after traumatic cardiac arrest in Asia, or the association of Utstein factors with survival after traumatic cardiac arrests. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of traumatic cardiac arrests in Asia, and analyze Utstein factors associated with survival.

Methods: Traumatic cardiac arrest patients from 13 countries in the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study registry from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.

Selectivity of volatile organic compounds on the surface of zinc oxide nanosheets for gas sensors.

The detection of volatile organic compounds by gas sensors is of great interest for environmental quality monitoring and the early-stage and noninvasive diagnosis of diseases. Experiments found hexane, toluene, aniline, butanone, acetone, and propanol gases in the exhaled breath of patients suffering from COVID-19, lung cancer, and diabetes. However, no studies are available to systematically elucidate the selectivity of these gases on nanosheets of zinc oxide for chemiresistive and direct thermoelectric gas sensors.

How do the doping concentrations of N and B in graphene modify the water adsorption?

Understanding the interaction of water and graphene is crucial for various applications such as water purification, desalination, and electrocatalysis. Experimental and theoretical studies have already investigated water adsorption on N- and B-doped graphene. However, there are no reports available that elucidate the influences of the N and B doping content in graphene on the microscopic geometrical structure and the electronic properties of the adsorbed water.

Epidemiology and Prehospital Care of Pediatric Unintentional Injuries Among Countries with Different Economic Status in Asia: A Cross-National, Multi-Center Observational Study.

Objective: Injury is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, the epidemiology and prehospital care for pediatric unintentional injuries in Asia are still unclear.

Methods: A total of 9,737 pediatric patients aged <18 years with unintentional injuries cared for at participating centers of the Pan-Asian Trauma Outcome Study (PATOS) from October 2015 to December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively.