Comparison of intrathecal morphine plus PCA and PCA alone for post-operative analgesia after kidney surgery.

Objective: To study the use of intrathecal morphine plus PCA for reducing morphine consumption, pain scores, and improving patient-satisfaction.

Material And Method: The authors included patients who had received a flank incision for elective kidney surgery. The patients were random into the intrathecal and control groups by block randomization using the sealed envelop technique.

Knowledge and skill after brief ACLS training.

Objectives: To determine the knowledge level and skill base in nurse anesthetists before and after brief ACLS training, and again three months later.

Method: Thirty nurse anesthetists were tested for knowledge and skill before ACLS training comprising 1-hr lecture and handout, and 1-hr simulation training. Concepts included ABCD, primary and secondary survey, management, medications, and algorithms for common problems.