Breeding Rice to Increase Anthocyanin Yield Per Area through Small, Black Grain Size and Three Grains per Spikelet.

Rice varieties with high anthocyanin content are often recognized for their vibrant colors and health benefits. The demand for rice with high anthocyanin is increasing domestically and internationally due to consumers becoming more health-conscious. However, the current increase in yield might not raise the anthocyanin content due to its location in the grain pericarp and seed coat, which are relative to the grain surface area.

Diversity of salt tolerance in , wild related species of the azuki bean ().

is a wild species closely related to the azuki bean (), with salt-tolerance abilities. The present study aimed to explore the genetic and salt tolerance diversity within the species, by evaluating the phylogenetic relationships of 55 accessions of including 25 newly collected from the Gotō Islands and Iki in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. We conducted salt-tolerance analysis for 48 of the accessions, including 18 of the newly collected accessions.

Dual-Purpose Vermicompost for the Growth Promotion and Suppression of Damping-Off Disease on Potted Vegetable Soybean.

Vermicompost is applied as a soil amendment to promote plant growth and yield. It also helps to significantly reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases. However, its efficiency depends on the type of earthworm from which it is formed.

Substituting effects of winged bean tuber-modified starches for cassava chip in concentrate diets on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai native beef cattle.

Objective: This study examined the effects of substituting winged bean tuber steam (WBTS) modified starches for cassava chips (CSC) in the concentrate diet on rumen fermentation, nutrient utilization, and blood metabolites in Thai-native beef cattle.

Methods: Four Thai-native bulls were assigned randomly as a 4×4 Latin square design, which represents the amount of CSC replaced with WBTS in the concentrate mixture diets at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%.

Results: Increasing levels of WBTS replacement for CSC in the concentrate diets had a quadratic effect on total dry matter (DM) intake (p<0.

Effect of Replacing Corn Meal with Winged Bean Tuber () Pellet on Gas Production, Ruminal Fermentation, and Degradability Using In Vitro Gas Technique.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of replacing corn meal in ruminant diets with winged bean () tubers (WBT) on ruminal fermentation, gas production parameters, and in vitro degradability. The study employed a completely random design (CRD) in its execution. The experimental design employed was a completely randomized design (CRD), featuring eleven levels of corn meal substitution with winged bean tubers pellet (WBTP) at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%.

Comparison of Cassava Chips and Winged Bean Tubers with Various Starch Modifications on Chemical Composition, the Kinetics of Gas, Ruminal Degradation, and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics Using an In Situ Nylon Bag and an In Vitro Gas Production Technique.

This research assessed the impact of cassava chips (CSC) and winged bean tubers (WBT) with various starch modification methods on the chemical composition, ruminal degradation, gas production, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation of feed using an in situ and in vitro gas production technique. Experimental treatments were arranged for a 2 × 5 factorial, a completely randomized design with two sources of starch and five levels of modification treatments. Two sources of starch were CSC and WBT, while five modification treatments of starch were: no modification treatment, steam treatment, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treatment, calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) treatment, and lactic acid (LA) treatment.

Combining ability of tropical × temperate maize inducers for haploid induction rate, seed set, and agronomic traits.

maternal haploid induction in isolation fields is proposed to bypass the workload and resource constraints existing in haploid induction nurseries. A better understanding of combining ability and gene action conditioning traits related to hybrid inducers is necessary to set the breeding strategy including to what extent parent-based hybrid prediction is feasible. This study aimed to evaluate the following in tropical savanna in the rainy and dry seasons for haploid induction rate (HIR), seed set, and agronomic traits: 1) combining ability, line per se, and hybrid performance of three genetic pools; 2) genetic parameters, the modes of gene action, and heterosis; and 3) the relationships of inbred-general combining ability (GCA) and inbred-hybrid performance.

Unique Salt-Tolerance-Related QTLs, Evolved in (Na Includer) and (Na Excluder), Shed Light on the Development of Super-Salt-Tolerant Azuki Bean () Cultivars.

Wild relatives of crops have the potential to improve food crops, especially in terms of improving abiotic stress tolerance. Two closely related wild species of the traditional East Asian legume crops, Azuki bean (), "Tojinbaka" and "Ukushima" were shown to have much higher levels of salt tolerance than azuki beans. To identify the genomic regions responsible for salt tolerance in "Tojinbaka" and "Ukushima", three interspecific hybrids were developed: (A) azuki bean cultivar "Kyoto Dainagon" × "Tojinbaka", (B) "Kyoto Dainagon" × "Ukushima" and (C) "Ukushima" × "Tojinbaka".

In Vitro Evaluation of Winged Bean () Tubers as an Alternative Feed for Ruminants.

The purpose of the current study is to determine the effects of the replacement of cassava chips with winged bean () tubers (WBTs) on gas production parameters, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation in ruminant diets. The study was performed using a 3 × 4 factorial arrangements and was designed using a completely random method. Factor A employed three various roughage sources that were frequently used by locals to feed ruminants: L.

Mapping QTLs Controlling Soybean Rust Disease Resistance in Chiang Mai 5, an Induced Mutant Cultivar.

Soybean rust (SBR) caused by the fungus is an important folia disease of soybean (). In this study, we identified QTLs controlling SBR in Chiang Mai 5 (CM5), an SBR-resistant cultivar developed by induced mutation breeding. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population of 108 lines developed from a cross between Sukhothai 2 (SKT2, a susceptible cultivar) and CM5 was evaluated for SBR resistance under field conditions in Thailand.

Seasonal Variation of Tropical Savanna Altered Agronomic Adaptation of Stock-6-Derived Inducer Lines.

Tropicalization is one of the major objectives in breeding haploid inducers to address the poor adaptation of temperate haploid inducers in doubled haploid production in tropical maize. Gaining a better understanding of weather profiles in targeted agroecology is important. This study aimed to investigate the seasonal variation of tropical savanna climate and its impact on agronomic traits and haploid induction rate (HIR) of Stock-6-derived haploid inducer lines.

A Rhizobacterium, Z1-04-02, Displays Antifungal Activity against Sclerotium Rot in Mungbean.

Sclerotium rot causes damping-off and stem rot in seedlings and mature mungbeans, which negatively impacts cultivation. The use of a rhizobacterium to control soil-borne diseases is an alternative method to the excess use of synthetic fungicides; therefore, this study aims to screen rhizosphere actinobacteria with fungicidal activities against , the pathogen that causes sclerotium rot in mungbeans. Primary screening showed that the sp.

The First Genetic Linkage Map of Winged Bean [ (L.) DC.] and QTL Mapping for Flower-, Pod-, and Seed-Related Traits.

Winged bean [ (L.) DC.] (2n = 2× = 18) is a tropical legume crop with multipurpose usages.

Selection Gain of Maize Haploid Inducers for the Tropical Savanna Environments.

Lacking elite haploid inducers performing high haploid induction rate (HIR) and agronomic performance is one of fundamental factors hindering the rapid adoption of doubled haploid technology in maize hybrid breeding, especially under tropical savanna climate. Breeding haploid inducers for specific agro-ecology, thus, is indispensable yet challenging. We used temperate inducer Stock6 as genetic source for haploid induction ability and eight tropical maize genotypes as principal donors for agronomic adaptation.

Dual-Purpose of the Winged Bean ( (L.) DC.), the Neglected Tropical Legume, Based on Pod and Tuber Yields.

Winged beans ( (L.) DC.) are grown as a vegetable legume crop in Thailand.

Fine mapping of QTL conferring Cercospora leaf spot disease resistance in mungbean revealed TAF5 as candidate gene for the resistance.

This paper reports fine mapping of qCLS for resistance to Cercospora leaf spot disease in mungbean and identified LOC106765332encoding TATA-binding-protein-associated factor 5 (TAF5) as the candidate gene for the resistance Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by the fungus Cercospora canescens is an important disease of mungbean. A QTL mapping using mungbean F and BCF populations developed from the "V4718" (resistant) and "Kamphaeng Saen 1" (KPS1; susceptible) has identified a major QTL controlling CLS resistance (qCLS). In this study, we finely mapped the qCLS and identified candidate genes at this locus.

Candidate gene mapping reveals VrMLO12 (MLO Clade II) is associated with powdery mildew resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata [L.] Wilczek).

Loss/reduction of function of Mildew Locus O (MLO) genes clade V and MLO clade IV has been shown to be responsible for powdery mildew (PM) resistance in several plant species. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) genome possesses 18 MLO genes, VrMLO1 - VrMLO18. A previous study using mungbean F and BCF populations derived from a cross between "CN60″ (susceptible) and "RUM5″ (resistance) demonstrated that QTL qPMRUM5-3 is a major QTL for PM resistance caused by Erysiphe polygoni and is the same with major QTL qPMV4718-3 that confers PM resistance in "V4718″ (resistance).

Whole genome sequencing data of var. Ukushima and G418.

is one of the closely related species of (Adzuki bean). Two strain of 'Ukushima' and 'G418' were identified as salt tolerance strains in from gene bank collection. F populations from an inter- or intra-specific cross between the sensitive and tolerant strains are useful for the detection of salt tolerance QTL in .

Construction of an SSR and RAD-Marker Based Molecular Linkage Map of Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

A single base substitution in BADH/AMADH is responsible for fragrance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and development of SNAP markers for the fragrance.

Sequence analysis revealed that an SNP (A1855G) in CsBADH of cucumber accession PK2011T202 causes amino acid change in a highly conserved motif, Y163C. Gene mapping showed association between the SNP and the fragrance. Pandan-like fragrance is a value-added trait in several food crops such as rice, vegetable soybean and sorghum.

Genetic diversity of the black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] gene pool as revealed by SSR markers.

In this study, 520 cultivated and 14 wild accessions of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) were assessed for diversity using 22 SSR markers. Totally, 199 alleles were detected with a mean of 9.

Detection of genome donor species of neglected tetraploid crop Vigna reflexo-pilosa (créole bean), and genetic structure of diploid species based on newly developed EST-SSR markers from azuki bean (Vigna angularis).

Vigna reflexo-pilosa, which includes a neglected crop, is the only one tetraploid species in genus Vigna. The ancestral species that make up this allotetraploid species have not conclusively been identified, although previous studies suggested that a donor genome of V. reflexo-pilosa is V.

QTL mapping for salt tolerance and domestication-related traits in Vigna marina subsp. oblonga, a halophytic species.

QTL mapping in F2 population [V. luteola × V. marina subsp.

A SNP in GmBADH2 gene associates with fragrance in vegetable soybean variety "Kaori" and SNAP marker development for the fragrance.

Fragrance in soybean is due to the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP). BADH2 gene coding for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase has been identified as the candidate gene responsible for fragrance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).