Response Rates and Nonresponse Bias Among 20 Years of Pediatrician Surveys.

Objectives: Our objectives were to examine the following: physician survey response rates across a 20-year period; the impact of a token incentive on response rates; whether survey nonresponse bias is present and if it is associated with response rate; and the impact of a token incentive on nonresponse bias.

Methods: We utilized data from 68 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) pediatrician surveys from 2000 to 2019 and an AAP administrative database, which included information for both respondents and non-respondents (target sample). Linear regression examined response rates over time.

Examining Early Career Pediatrician Characteristics, Sacrifices, and Satisfaction.

Objective: Explore relationships between pediatrician characteristics, sacrifices made for career, and career and life satisfaction.

Methods: Surveys of early career pediatricians (ECPs) who recently graduated residency (2016-18), as part of the AAP Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES) were administered in 2019. Logistic regression analyzed association of pediatrician characteristics with personal sacrifices (a lot vs some or no sacrifices) made for one's career and whether career was worth the sacrifices made to become a physician, and association of characteristics and sacrifices with overall career and life satisfaction.

Pediatrician-Reported Injury Prevention Anticipatory Guidance by Patient Age Group.

Objective: Unintentional injuries remain a leading cause of death for children and adolescents older than 1 year. Injury prevention has long been a cornerstone of anticipatory guidance. Previous studies have established the sustained efficacy of injury prevention anticipatory guidance in pediatric primary care.

The Effect of Electronic Health Record Burden on Pediatricians' Work-Life Balance and Career Satisfaction.

Objectives: To examine pediatricians' perspectives on administrative tasks including electronic health record (EHR) documentation burden and their effect on work-life balance and life and career satisfaction.

Methods: We analyzed 2018 survey data from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study (PLACES), a longitudinal cohort study of early and midcareer pediatricians. Cohorts graduated from residency between 2002 and 2004 or 2009 and 2011.

Gender Discrepancies Related to Pediatrician Work-Life Balance and Household Responsibilities.

Background: Physicians must balance career and home responsibilities, yet previous studies on work-life balance are focused primarily on work-based tasks. We examined gender discrepancies and factors related to household responsibilities and work-life balance among pediatricians.

Methods: We used 2015 data from the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatrician Life and Career Experience Study, a longitudinal study of early-career pediatricians.

Vital capacity helps predict pulmonary complications after rib fractures.

Background: Traumatic rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity. Vital capacity (VC) assesses pulmonary function; however, limited data link VC to patient outcomes. Our objective was to determine if VC predicted complications and disposition in patients with rib fractures.

Resolution of creatine and phosphocreatine 1H signals in isolated human skeletal muscle using HR-MAS 1H NMR.

Proton NMR spectra of freshly isolated human skeletal muscle samples contain creatine and phosphocreatine resonances with distinct chemical shifts that are easily visualized with magic angle spinning (MAS, spinning the sample rapidly at 54.7 degrees with respect to the magnetic field) methods. The identification of the phosphocreatine resonance was based on two findings: that (i) the possible small dipolar coupling does not contribute to line splitting under rapid MAS, and (ii) the 1H signal decreases concurrently with the phosphocreatine resonance observed in 31P NMR experiments.

Adjuvanticity of plasmid DNA encoding cytokines fused to immunoglobulin Fc domains.

Purpose: Plasmid DNAs encoding cytokines enhance immune responses to vaccination in models of infectious diseases and cancer. We compared DNA adjuvants for their ability to enhance immunity against a poorly immunogenic self-antigen expressed by cancer.

Experimental Design: DNAs encoding cytokines that affect T cells [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, and the chemokine CCL21] and antigen-presenting cells [granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)] were compared in mouse models as adjuvants to enhance CD8+ T-cell responses and tumor immunity.