Deep learning for discrimination of active and inactive lesions in multiple sclerosis using non-contrast FLAIR MRI: A multicenter study.

Background: Within the domain of multiple sclerosis (MS), the precise discrimination between active and inactive lesions bears immense significance. Active lesions are enhanced on T1-weighted MRI images after administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents, which brings about associated complexities. This study investigates the potential of deep learning to differentiate between active and inactive lesions in MS using non-contrast FLAIR-type MRI data, presenting a non-invasive alternative to conventional gadolinium-based MRI methods.

endophthalmitis and pneumonia after trans-urethral lithotripsy: A case report.

Key Clinical Message: Invasive candidiasis may be one of the serious complications of transurethral lithotripsy. Candiduria before this procedure should be assessed, and antifungals should be prescribed.

Abstract: This case is about a 44-year-old diabetic female patient who, after trans-urethral lithotripsy with double-J stent insertion, was diagnosed with pneumonia and endophthalmitis.

Metastatic Seminoma Presenting in Kidney and Cervical Lymph Nodes after a 25-Year Interval: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Seminoma comprises approximately 50% of testicular germ cell tumors. Retroperitoneal lymph nodes are the most common initial metastatic sites but renal metastases are infrequent and the majority of renal tumors represent primary neoplasm.

Case Presentation: In this study, we present a 48-year-old male with metastases of seminoma to the cervical lymph nodes and kidney after a 25-year interval.

The Role of CT Angiography to Predict the Shamblin Group in Carotid Body Tumors.

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are uncommon benign head and neck neoplasms. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for CBTs. However, the anatomical structures adjacent to the tumor tissue may encounter serious injuries during the surgery.

The effect of selenium supplementation on sonographic findings of salivary glands in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients treated with radioactive iodine: study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a very damaging disease. The most common treatment for this disease includes thyroidectomy and then using radioactive iodine (RAI). RAI has many side effects, including a decrease in salivary secretions, followed by dry mouth and oral and dental injuries, as well as increased inflammation and oxidative stress.

Reference values for ductus venosus Doppler velocity indices between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation: A single-center prospective study in Iran.

Background: This study aimed to investigate reference Doppler velocimetry indices (DVIs) of the fetal ductus venosus (DV) during 11-13 + 6 gestational weeks.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective observation over referrals to a single tertiary care center in a 2-year interval, normal singleton pregnancies with fetal crown-rump lengths (CRLs) of 43-80 mm were examined by a single experienced sonographer for their DV pulsatility index (DVPI), DV resistance index (DVRI), and S-wave maximum velocity/A-wave minimum velocity (S/A ratio). Multinomial and quantile regression functions were used to analyze the effect of gestational age (estimated by CRL) on reference values (5 and 95 percentiles of the distribution in each gestational day/week).

Clinical and Neuroimaging Characteristics of Ischemic Stroke in Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis Associated with COVID-19.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare clinical, neuroimaging, and laboratory features of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) in COVID-19 patients with and without ischemic stroke complications.

Methods: This observational study was conducted between August and December 2021 and 48 patients who had confirmed ROCM due to COVID-19, according to neuroimaging and histopathology/mycology evidence were included. Brain, orbit and paranasal sinus imaging was performed in all included patients.

Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Cancer patients, as a highly vulnerable population, are receiving a great deal of attention in the current crisis of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). To date, shreds of evidence are not sufficient to the description of COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics and subsequent outcomes of COVID-19 in cancer patients.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multiple MRI Parameters in Dealing with Incidental Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Different MRI parameters have been studied for evaluating thyroid nodules. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2 imaging sequences with considerable efficacy in evaluating soft tissue tumors merit further assessment for thyroid nodule investigation.

Method: We evaluated incidental thyroid nodules (ITNs) reported on head and neck MRI studies.

Thoracolumbar Injury: The Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity Scoring System or Modified Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity?

Objective: To compare the Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity (TLICS) scoring system with its modified (mTLICS) version based on their agreement with the surgeon's opinion regarding treatment for patients with thoracolumbar injuries. Moreover, the Posterior Ligamentous Complex health was compared between intraoperative examinations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports.

Methods: MRI was obtained from 114 patients suffering thoracolumbar spinal trauma; the TLICS and mTLICS scores were measured.

A novel reliability-based regression model to analyze and forecast the severity of COVID-19 patients.

Background: Coronavirus outbreak (SARS-CoV-2) has become a serious threat to human society all around the world. Due to the rapid rate of disease outbreaks and the severe shortages of medical resources, predicting COVID-19 disease severity continues to be a challenge for healthcare systems. Accurate prediction of severe patients plays a vital role in determining treatment priorities, effective management of medical facilities, and reducing the number of deaths.

Adverse reaction of methylprednisolone pulse therapy: Acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Methylprednisolone pulse therapy has significant anti-inflammatory effects in multiple sclerosis. Acute respiratory distress syndrome as a probable adverse effect of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in MS patients should be considered.

Chest Computed Tomography Severity Score to Predict Adverse Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to wreak havoc worldwide. This study assessed the ability of chest computed tomography (CT) severity score (CSS) to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Materials And Methods: A total of 192 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia aged more than 20 years and typical CT findings and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction positive admitted in a tertiary hospital were included.

Fatal disseminated aspergillosis in an immunocompetent patient with COVID-19 due to Aspergillus ochraceus.

Aspergillus infection is a well-known complication of severe influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and these infections have been related with significant morbidity and mortality even when appropriately diagnosed and treated. Recent studies have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 might increase the risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Here, we report the first case of Aspergillus ochraceus in a SARS-CoV-2 positive immunocompetent patient, which is complicated by pulmonary and brain infections.

A case study of methadone-induced delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy with improvement by antioxidant therapy.

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a syndrome that may occur as a result of the hypoxic event, including opiate overdose. The pathophysiology of this entity is not fully known. Within a neuropsychiatric context, the diagnosis of this rare disease is important.

Risk factors associated with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital death among adults hospitalized with COVID-19: a two-center retrospective observational study in tertiary care hospitals.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is straining the health care systems worldwide. Therefore, health systems should make strategic shifts to ensure that limited resources provide the highest benefit for COVID-19 patients.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the risk factors associated with poor in-hospital outcomes to help clinicians make better patient care decisions.

Interobserver and intraobserver variability in magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of patients with suspected disc herniation.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually the modality of choice to assess sciatica and intervertebral disc herniation. Despite remarkable progression in diagnostic imaging and surgical techniques, definite diagnosis based on imaging interpretation is still a great challenge. The aim of this study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver variability in reporting lumbar MRI between two neuroradiologists based on the new 2014 version of disc nomenclature.

Fatal Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in COVID-19 Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Iran.

Although patients with severe immunodeficiency and hematological malignancies has been considered at highest risk for invasive fungal infection, patients with severe pneumonia due to influenza, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are also at a higher risk of developing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). Recently, reports of IPA have also emerged among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Here, we report a fatal case of probable IPA in an acute myeloid leukemia patient co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Fulminant encephalitis as a sole manifestation of COVID-19.

Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has become a global health emergency. Coronavirus primarily is a respiratory virus, but it has been detected in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of infected individuals. The present report describes a case of fulminant encephalitis in a patient affected by COVID-19.

The assessment of acute pulmonary embolism severity using CT angiography features.

Background: This study was conducted to detect the association between radiologic features of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI).

Methods: A total of 150 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE entered the study. The CTPA feature including obstruction index, pulmonary trunk size, presence of backwash contrast, septal morphology, right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) dimensions, and RV/LV ratio were examined.