Assessment the effect of the CBT on motivation of the nursing students.

Background: Motivation to academic achievement is critical for students of medical sciences, particularly nursing students. It is directly related to high levels of achievement and quality of life. Accordingly, diminished motivation would result in academic decline, study and work desertion and exhaustion.

Evaluation of plaque detection and optimum time of enhancement in acute attack multiple sclerosis after contrast injection.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in the early diagnosis of novel or relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, the optimal MRI protocol plays an important role in detecting MS plaques.

Purpose: To find the best time to detect MS plaques on MRI after Gadobutrol injection.

The relationship between enhanced plaques with Gadovist and Magnevist contrast brain magnetic resonance imaging and the neurological deficit in the acute phase of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard method for observing brain plaques and contrast material injection is necessary for demonstrating the active plaque.This study compared the rate of enhancement of plaques with Gadovist and Magnevist in relapse phase of MS.

Methods: In this double blind study, after neurological examination of 62 patients in the attack phase of MS, two consecutive MRIs were performed with Gadovist and Magnevist with 48 hours interval.