Effect of Photobiomodulation on Ecchymosis after Rhinoplasty: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial.

Background: This study was conducted to compare the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (low-level laser therapy) on ecchymosis after rhinoplasty.

Subjects And Methods: Sixty rhinoplasty candidates were randomly divided into two groups. Photobiomodulation, including red light (660 nm), infrared light (840 nm), and infrared laser, was used in the first group on the first postoperative day, and its effect on periorbital ecchymosis was evaluated.

Molecular evidence for Neotyphodium fungal endophyte variation and specificity within host grass species.

Host specificity of Neotyphodium species symbiotic with three grass species, Festuca arundinacea, Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne, was studied based on comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) between hosts and their corresponding endophytes. Endophytic fungi were isolated from 24 accessions of host plants. Neotyphodium identity was determined based on morphological characteristics observed in cultures and polymerase chain reaction analysis using specific primers.