Optimization of Silver Staining in Artificial Cytology Samples of Filamentous Fungi.

The diagnosis of respiratory fungal infections is often aided by cytopathological evidence of fungi in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) stain, a special stain frequently used to detect fungi in cytological specimens, can be challenging to apply stably. There is a need for improved documentation of staining procedures for fungal detection in cytological specimens.

Effect of Acid Suppressants on Non- Helicobacters Within Parietal Cells.

We investigated the effect of increased pH induced by acid suppressants on the viability of non helicobacters (NHPHs) within parietal cell intracellular canaliculi and fundic glandular lumina by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, quantitative PCR, urea breath tests, and using a bilayer culture system. Three months before the experiment, mice were infected with the NHPH and then treated with famotidine (2 mg/kg body weight [BW], once daily), lansoprazole (30 mg/kg BW, once daily), or vonoprazan (20 mg/kg BW, once daily) for 3 days. Immunohistochemical studies using the TUNEL method, quantitative PCR analysis, and urea breath tests were performed.

-Associated Gastritis Mimicking Conventional -Associated Atrophic Gastritis.

A 45-year-old Japanese man underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed spotty redness at the gastric fornix, mucosal swelling, diffuse redness in the corpus, and mucosal atrophy in the gastric angle and antrum. Histological examination showed rod-shaped bacteria that appeared larger than . The patient tested positive for rapid urease test, and serum anti- IgG antibody test results were negative.

Comparison Approach for Identifying Missed Invasive Fungal Infections in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Autopsy Specimens.

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) has a high mortality rate in patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and it is often confirmed by postmortem dissection. When IFI is initially confirmed after an autopsy, the tissue culture and frozen section are challenging to secure, and in many cases, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples represent the only modality for identifying fungi. Histopathological diagnosis is a useful method in combination with molecular biological methods that can achieve more precise identification with reproducibility.

Triphenilphosphonium Analogs of Chloramphenicol as Dual-Acting Antimicrobial and Antiproliferating Agents.

In the current work, in continuation of our recent research, we synthesized and studied new chimeric compounds, including the ribosome-targeting antibiotic chloramphenicol (CHL) and the membrane-penetrating cation triphenylphosphonium (TPP), which are linked by alkyl groups of different lengths. Using various biochemical assays, we showed that these CAM-Cn-TPP compounds bind to the bacterial ribosome, inhibit protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo in a way similar to that of the parent CHL, and significantly reduce membrane potential. Similar to CAM-C4-TPP, the mode of action of CAM-C10-TPP and CAM-C14-TPP in bacterial ribosomes differs from that of CHL.

Molecular epidemiological characterization in mucoid-type Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates obtained from invasive pneumococcal disease patients in Japan.

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae with a mucoid-type capsule is associated with invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs). Despite the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines, IPDs caused by mucoid-type isolates are still prevalent. The present study aimed to characterize mucoid-type S.

Helicobacter suis Infection in Mouse Induced not Only Gastric, but Hepatic and Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma: Relation to Substance P.

Background: The hepatic and pulmonary MALT lymphoma (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma) is clinically occasionally observed but its pathogenesis is unknown and thought to be important to establish the treatment strategy.

Objectives: The present study was designed to clarify the characteristics of these lymphomas and the effect of the Helicobacter eradication regimen and substance P antagonist.

Methods: After the long term infection of Helicobacter suis to the C57BL/6 mice stomach, the whole organ was surveyed pathologically.

Insight into the draft whole-genome sequence of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii.

Next-generation technologies have prompted efforts towards generating a large repertoire of whole-genome sequences. The dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii has been considered as a good model in which to conduct molecular biological studies on this fungal group. Despite the considerable repertoire of molecular tools developed for this fungus, the lack of genomic data has represented a major limitation, preventing effective implementation of those tools.

MALT Lymphoma, Stress Ulcer and Cholinergic Nerves from the Viewpoint of Bilateral and Unilateral Truncal Vagotomy and Substance P.

Background: Vagal nerve plays an important role in the stomach function. The cholinergic nerves are the most abundantly distributed nerves in the gastric tissue. It has recently been reported that the vagal nerve is significantly related to both gastric cancer development and progression.

Candida albicans fatty acyl-CoA synthetase, CaFaa4p, is involved in the uptake of exogenous long-chain fatty acids and cell activity in the biofilm.

Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (Faa) activates fatty acid (FA) by converting the FA into the CoA ester in the cell. In the present study, we characterized a FAA homologue (CaFAA4) from the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Most organisms can not only synthesize long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (LCFA-CoAs) endogenously using a fatty acid synthase (Fas) activity but also can uptake long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from the extracellular environment and convert them into LCFA-CoAs via a vectorial acylation system.

Structome analysis of Escherichia coli cells by serial ultrathin sectioning reveals the precise cell profiles and the ribosome density.

Structome analysis, the quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis of whole cells at the electron microscopic level, of Exophiala dermatitidis (black yeast), Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Myojin spiral bacteria (MSB) have already been reported. Here, the results of the structome analysis of Escherichia coli cells based on transmission electron microscope observation of serial ultrathin sections was reported, and compared with the data obtained from phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On average, the cells had 0.

Protective efficacy of a hydroxy fatty acid against gastric Helicobacter infections.

Background: We have previously revealed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent Helicobacter pylori infection by blocking the futalosine pathway, an alternative route for menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis.

Materials And Methods: 1, Different H. pylori strains were grown in liquid media supplemented with linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, or its 10-hydroxy derivative, 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), in the presence or absence of MK.

Significance of Cholinergic and Peptidergic Nerves in Stress-Induced Ulcer and MALT Lymphoma Formation.

Unlabelled: Backgound: The role of enteric nerves has previously been demonstrated in the formation of several gastric diseases. In the present review, the significance of the cholinergic nerves in stress-induced ulcer formation as well as the importance of substance P in the formation of gastric MALT lymphoma is discussed.

Methods: The stress-induced ulcer was induced by the plaster bandage methods in rats.

Prevalence of Gastric Non-Helicobacter pylori-Helicobacters in Japanese Patients with Gastric Disease.

Background: Non-Helicobacter pylori-helicobacters (NHPH) compose a group of gram negative zoonotic bacteria that may induce in humans gastric diseases including gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer and MALT lymphoma. Their prevalence in the general population has previously been reported to 0.1-6.

Draft Genome Sequence of Helicobacter suis Strain SNTW101, Isolated from a Japanese Patient with Nodular Gastritis.

We present here the draft whole-genome shotgun sequence of an uncultivated strain SNTW101 of Helicobacter suis, which has been maintained in the stomachs of mice. This strain was originally isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of a urea breath test-negative Japanese patient suffering from nodular gastritis.

Flesh-eating Streptococcus pyogenes triggers the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand.

Human CD46 is a receptor for the M protein of group A streptococcus (GAS). The emm1 GAS strain GAS472 was isolated from a patient suffering from streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Human CD46-expressing transgenic (Tg) mice developed necrotizing fasciitis associated with osteoclast-mediated progressive and severe bone destruction in the hind paws 3 days after subcutaneous infection with 5 × 10(5) colony-forming units of GAS472.

In vitro resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus to azole farm fungicide.

Azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51A) gene, which encodes the target of azole fungicides. Moreover, overexpression of CYP51B or multidrug resistance (MDR) gene is supposedly related to the mechanism of azole resistance in A. fumigatus.

[Invasive Aspergillosis Accompanied by a Subcutaneous Nodular Lesion].

We report herein on a case of invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion. A 74-years-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome was hospitalized due to high fever and a painful subcutaneous nodule on the left thigh. Chest radiography and CT scans showed multiple nodular lesions of both lungs, and bacterial pneumonia was initially suspected.

Histological study of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) has been accepted the criteria for the diagnosis of pulmonary Aspergillus infection. Whereas, either pathophysiology or signs of CPA remains still controversial.

Methods: In this study, we histopathologically investigated 25 specimens of CPA, surgically resected.

Helicobacter suis-Infected Nodular Gastritis and a Review of Diagnostic Sensitivity for Helicobacter heilmannii-Like Organisms.

Helicobacter heilmannii-like organisms (HHLOs) are associated with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and peptic ulcer. However, the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for HHLOs, such as rapid urease test (RUT), urea breath test (UBT) and blood antibody, is not high. Tightly coiled spiral microorganisms were found in the gastric mucosal biopsy specimen of a 48-year-old asymptomatic woman.

Mouse Models for Assessing the Protective Efficacy of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 against Helicobacter suis Infection Associated with the Development of Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma.

Background: Helicobacter suis strain TKY infection has been strongly associated with the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in a C57BL/6J mouse model.

Materials And Methods: 1. C57BL/6J mice were intragastrically administered Lactobacillus strains once daily with 10(8)-10(9) colony-forming units (CFU), starting 2 days before intragastric infection with H.

Does farm fungicide use induce azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus?

Azole resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates has been reported worldwide and it would appear to be mainly due to a point mutation in the 14α-sterol demethylase (CYP51A) gene, which is the target enzyme for azoles. The mutation has been confirmed in isolates from patients who received long-term itraconazole (ITZ) therapy and from agricultural fields where high levels of azole fungicides were employed. However, the relationship between farm environments and azole-resistant A.

Alteration of angiogenesis in Helicobacter heilmannii-induced mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: interaction with c-Met and hepatocyte growth factor.

Background And Aim: The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway has attracted attention in the formation of malignant tumors, as HGF secreted from the microcirculatory components as well as residing macrophages has been suggested to act on the c-Met receptors of cancer cells to decrease apoptosis and increase proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the interaction of the gastric, hepatic, and pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma induced by Helicobacter heilmannii infection with c-Met and HGF.

Methods: C57BL/6 female mice, infected with H.