Publications by authors named "Somanathan Thara"

Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), recognized as a distinct subgroup with an increased incidence over the past two decades, characterized by its aggressive nature and potentially unique molecular factors that differentiate it from traditional colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we investigated differentially expressed genes in a young-CRC patient using paired-end mRNA-sequencing. Validation of target genes through qRT-PCR highlighted a significant increase in SERPINA3 levels in EOCRC, representing a novel finding.

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Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare malignancy of adipocytic differentiation. According to World Health Organization classification, LPS comprises of four principle subtypes Atypical lipomatous tumor/Well-differentiated liposarcoma (ATL/WDLPS), Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS), Myxoid liposarcoma (MLPS), and Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS). Each subtype can develop at any location and shows distinct clinical behavior and treatment sensitivity.

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Background And Aims: Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignant vascular tumor that phenotypically and functionally recapitulate normal endothelium. They constitute approximately 2-4% of soft tissue sarcomas. We present 36 cases of head and neck AS diagnosed for 11 years at a tertiary care hospital in South India to analyze the clinical, pathological, and immunophenotypic profiles with special emphasis on their differential diagnoses and diagnostic pitfalls.

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There is a plethora of information embedded in a tissue section that the conventional IHC understands only partially. Predictive biomarkers for precision immuno-oncology heavily dependent on the spatial arrangement of cells and the co-expression patterns in the tissue sections. Here we have explored the versatility of indirect multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) and indirect multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) for the labeling of breast cancer prognostic markers in routinely processed, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues at high resolution.

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Background: Tumours on the scalp are diverse and often exhibit site- and histology-specific characteristics. Reconstructing the scalp after oncological resection has always been challenging because of its unique anatomy.

Methodology: A retrospective review of patients with malignant scalp tumour operated on at a single institution over 10 years was performed.

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Article Synopsis
  • Some types of breast cancer, like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), have issues with finding good treatment targets and show different ways they grow and behave.
  • Researchers studied a protein called galectin-3 in breast cancer tissues and found that higher levels of it are linked to more serious tumors and could help explain why some tumors resist treatment.
  • They discovered that galectin-3 often works together with another protein called vimentin, and when both are present, they help cancer cells survive, spread, and grow more aggressively in TNBC patients.
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Aside from the high prevalence of incidents of breast cancer, the high grade of heterogeneity and the dearth of standard treatment guidelines make triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) the most refractory subtype. Though still in its infancy, the Hippo pathway has been known to play a critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanics through which the pathway exploits the breast cancer (BC) cell vulnerability are largely unexplored.

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Background: This study presents the preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) initiated in January 2006 in India to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical breast examination (CBE) in reducing breast cancer mortality as compared to a no-screening control group reported significant downstaging in the intervention group. The present manuscript reports long-term follow-up outcomes.

Methods: Women 30-69 years old from 133 intervention clusters and 141 control clusters were invited to participate.

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Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the precursor lesion of cervical cancer. Untreated high-grade CIN significantly increases the risk of developing invasive cancer. Conization is the main treatment.

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Cancer metastasis and therapy resistance are the foremost hurdles in oncology at the moment. This review aims to pinpoint the functional aspects of a unique multifaceted glycosylated molecule in both intracellular and extracellular compartments of a cell namely galectin-3 along with its metastatic potential in different types of cancer. All materials reviewed here were collected through the search engines PubMed, Scopus, and Google scholar.

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Purpose: We evaluated proof of principle for resource-efficient, risk-based screening through reanalysis of the Kerala Oral Cancer Screening Trial.

Methods: The cluster-randomized trial included three triennial rounds of visual inspection (seven clusters, n = 96,516) versus standard of care (six clusters, n = 95,354) and up to 9 years of follow-up. We developed a Cox regression-based risk prediction model for oral cancer incidence.

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Background: Although leukoplakia shows a higher risk for malignant transformation to oral cancer, currently there are no clinically relevant biomarker which can predict the potentially high risk leukoplakia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic alterations such as DNA ploidy, telomerase expression and DNA repair capacity as predictive markers of malignant transformation risk of leukoplakia.

Methods: The study was initiated in September 2005 and patients were followed up to March 2014.

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β-hCG expression in breast cancer is highly controversial with reports supporting both protective and tumorigenic effects. It has also been reported that risk of breast cancer at an early age is increased with full-term pregnancies if a woman is a BRCA1 mutation carrier. We have already demonstrated that BRCA1-defective cells express high levels of β-hCG and that when BRCA1 is restored, β-hCG level is reduced.

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It is known that Cancer Associated Fibroblast (CAFs) from the primary tumor site can accompany cancer cells to a secondary site during the process of metastasis. We hypothesize that these CAFs could be transformed to an altered cell type, which can be called as Metastasis Associated Fibroblasts (MAF) in turn can support, and convoy cancer cells for metastasis. There are no published reports that have characterized and distinguished CAFs from MAF.

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Cervical cancer continues to be a leading cancer among women in many parts of the world. Nation-wide screening with the Pap smear has not been implemented in India due to the lack of adequately trained cytologists. Identification of biomarkers to predict malignant potential of the identified low risk lesions is essential to avoid excessive retesting and follow up.

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Worldwide use of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks (FFPE) is extensive in diagnosis and research. Yet, there is a lack of optimized/standardized protocols to process the blocks and verify the quality and presence of the targeted tissue. In the context of an international study on head and neck cancer (HNC)-HPV-AHEAD, a standardized protocol for optimizing the use of FFPEs in molecular epidemiology was developed and validated.

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Mucosal high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause a subset of head and neck cancers (HNC). The HPV-attributable fraction of HNC varies substantially between countries. Although HNC has a very high incidence in the Indian subcontinent, information on the contribution of HPV infection is limited.

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Sarcomas account for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms arising in the head and neck in adults. Laryngeal synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare form of laryngeal malignancy with less than 20 cases reported in the literature. We report the case of a 48-year-old man with synovial sarcoma of the larynx.

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Primary Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) arising from cranial bones is rare and accounts for only 1%-4% of all EWS. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with EWS of the frontoparietal region of the skull. She underwent excision following which she received combination chemotherapy with vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide, and VP16 and local radiation of 45 Gy.

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Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant lesion of the oral cavity, for which no effective treatment is available. We investigated the effectiveness of curcumin, a potent inhibitor of NF-κB/COX-2, molecules perturbed in oral carcinogenesis, to treat leukoplakia. Subjects with oral leukoplakia (n = 223) were randomized (1:1 ratio) to receive orally, either 3.

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Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma (OGCC) is an exceptionally rare malignant odontogenic epithelial tumor. It is characterized by ameloblastic-like islands of epithelial cells with aberrant keratinization in the form of ghost cells with varying amounts of dysplastic dentin. Malignant histological characteristics include infiltration, cellular pleomorphism, numerous mitosis and necrosis.

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Breast tumour cells express the chemokine receptor C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and frequently metastasize to organs with an abundant source of CXCR4 ligand, stromal cell derived factor1 (SDF1). For this reason, CXCR4/SDF1 has garnered much interest as a target for therapeutic intervention. The present study is an attempt to correlate the CXCR4/SDF1 expression patterns with clinicopathological factors, patient survival, and its coexistence and response to 17-β estradiol (E2) and 4-hydoxytamoxifen (4OHT) in breast cancer cells.

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Thyroid swellings are a significant clinical problem in the general population but majority of them are nonneoplastic and do not require surgery. The initial screening procedures include ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and radionucleotide scan. An initial screening test which will diagnose thyroid lesions accurately will help to avoid surgery in nonneoplastic conditions.

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Surgical management of ovarian lesions vary considerably depending on the nature of the lesion. As the preoperative imaging and serum tumor marker levels are of limited value in the proper categorization of ovarian lesions, intraoperative pathological assessment is commonly requested for a primary diagnosis. Aim of the study is to assess the accuracy of the frozen section in the diagnosis of ovarian masses in our center and to analyze the causes of diagnostic discrepancies.

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Melanomas arising in the skin, mucous membranes, and eye are encountered commonly than melanomas involving the breast. Melanomas in the breast are usually metastatic. Primary melanoma of the breast is extremely rare.

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