Highly hydrophobic TEMPO-functionalized conducting copolymers for solid-contact ion-selective electrodes.

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) emerged as the best electrode embodiment for miniaturized, wearable and disposable sensors for ion/electrolyte measurements in body fluids. The commercialization of inexpensive single-use "calibration-free" electrodes requires large scale manufacturing of electrodes with reproducible calibration parameters, e.g.

TEMPO-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Largely Improved Potential Reproducibility and Stability.

Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) can overcome essential limitations of their counterparts based on liquid contacts. However, attaining a highly reproducible and predictable , especially between different fabrication batches, turned out to be difficult even with the most established solid-contact materials, i.e.

Potential Reproducibility of Potassium-Selective Electrodes Having Perfluorinated Alkanoate Side Chain Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene) as a Hydrophobic Solid Contact.

The irreproducibility of the standard potential (°) is probably the last major challenge for the commercialization of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs) as single-use or wearable sensors. To overcome this issue, we are introducing for the first time a perfluorinated alkanoate side chain functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOTF) as a hydrophobic SC in potassium-selective electrodes (K-SCISEs) based on plasticized poly(vinyl chloride). The SC incorporates the tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TFAB) anion, which is also present as a lipophilic additive in the ion-selective membrane (ISM), thus ensuring thermodynamic reversibility at the SC/ISM interface and improving the potential reproducibility of the electrodes.

Ion-Selective Electrodes Based on Hydrophilic Ionophore-Modified Nanopores.

We report the synthesis and analytical application of the first Cu -selective synthetic ion channel based on peptide-modified gold nanopores. A Cu -binding peptide motif (Gly-Gly-His) along with two additional functional thiol derivatives inferring cation-permselectivity and hydrophobicity was self-assembled on the surface of gold nanoporous membranes comprising of about 5 nm diameter pores. These membranes were used to construct ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with extraordinary Cu selectivities, approaching six orders of magnitude over certain ions.

Pre-Polarized Hydrophobic Conducting Polymer Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes with Improved Potential Reproducibility.

Electrically conducting polymers (ECPs) are one of the most popular types of materials to interface ion-selective membranes (ISMs) with electron-conducting substrates to construct solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISEs). For optimal ion-to-electron transduction and potential stability, the p-doped ECPs with low oxidation potentials such as PPy need to be generally in their conducting form along with providing a sufficiently hydrophobic interface to counteract the aqueous layer formation. The first criterion requires that the ECPs are in their oxidized state, but the high charge density of this state is detrimental for the prevention of the aqueous layer formation.