Altered body composition in obesity: Prevalence, associated factors and comparison of two methods.

Background & Aims: There is still some uncertainty towards the best method to diagnose the sarcopenic obesity, and specifically, altered body composition. A recent international consensus proposes the association of increased fat mass (FM) with reduced skeletal muscle mass adjusted by weight (SMM/W) (method 1). The ratio of fat mass index (FMI)/fat free mass index (FFMI) (method 2) has also been proposed.

Predictive factors of weight loss in obese patients referred to an obesity specialized centre.

Introduction And Aims: In obese patients, long-term weight loss maintenance remains challenging. Identifying factors predicting adhesion to lifestyle therapy and weight loss would help optimizing obesity management.

Aims: to identify predictive factors of weight loss after one year of medical therapy in obese patients (primary) and predictive factors of drop-out during the year of therapy (secondary).

Moderate and Severe Chronic Kidney Disease Predict Greater 5-Year Mortality following Major Lower-Extremity Amputation.

Background: Severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) predicts greater mortality after major lower-extremity amputation (LEA), but it remains poorly understood whether patients with earlier stages of CKD share similar risk.

Methods: We assessed long-term postoperative outcomes for patients with CKD in a retrospective chart review of 565 patients who underwent atraumatic major LEA at a large tertiary referral center from 2015 to 2021. We stratified patients by renal function and compared outcomes including survival.

Drug product Formulation and Fill/Finish Manufacturing Process Considerations for AAV-Based Genomic Medicines.

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have become the delivery medium of choice for a variety of genomic medicine applications i.e., gene therapy, gene editing/regulation, and ex-vivo cell therapy.

Preoperative Nil Per Os Duration Predicts Mortality and Ambulation Following Below-Knee Amputation.

Background: Routine use of nil per os (NPO) prior to procedures has been associated with dehydration and malnutrition leading to patient discomfort. We aim to examine how duration of NPO status affects postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing elective below-knee amputation (BKA).

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 92 patients who underwent elective BKA between 2014-2022 for noninfectious indications.

Exploring sub-threshold food addiction in adult patients with severe obesity: a cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Most studies on Food Addiction (FA) used the strict classical diagnosis approach without quantifying sub-threshold symptoms (i.e. uncontrolled/excessive food intake, negative affect, craving, tolerance, withdrawal, and continued use despite harm) nor indicating where they stand on the "three-stage addiction cycle" modeling the transition from substance use to addiction.

Modified Frailty Index Helps Predict Mortality and Ambulation Differences Between Genders and Racial Differences Following Major Lower Extremity Amputation.

Background: Major lower extremity amputation (LEA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The modified frailty index (mFI-5) has been used to predict outcomes including ambulation and mortality after LEA. It remains unknown for which patient demographics the mFI-5 is a reliable predictor.

Opioid Use Disorder in Patients Undergoing Major Lower Extremity Amputation: Prevalence and Outcomes.

Introduction: Patients with a history of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have higher postoperative complication rates and mortality in many settings. Yet, it remains poorly understood how the opioid epidemic has affected patients undergoing major lower extremity amputation (LEA) and whether outcomes differ by OUD status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all 689 patients who underwent major LEA at a large tertiary referral center from 2015 to 2021.

Frequency and Characteristics of Posterior Labral Injuries in Operative Acetabular Fractures Treated Through a Posterior Approach: A Prospective Observational Study.

Objectives: The association between labral injuries and acetabular fractures is unknown. This study aimed to identify the frequency and characteristics of labral injuries in operatively treated acetabular fractures that cannot be identified on preoperative imaging.

Design: Prospective observational cohort.

Access to Maternal and Child Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Explorative Qualitative Study in Odisha, India.

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) care is one of the essential routine healthcare services, which got affected during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Modeled projections had anticipated an 8.3%-38.

Comparison of Pre-existing Mood Disorders and Chronic Kidney Disease as Predictors of Ambulatory Status After Major Limb Amputation.

Objective We aim to compare the effects of pre-existing mood disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on ambulation outcomes for patients who have undergone major lower extremity amputation (MLEA) while also stratifying by the presence of social factors. Methods  We performed a retrospective chart review of 700 patients admitted from 2014 to 2022 who underwent MLEA. We performed Chi-square tests and binomial logistic regression with p < 0.

Chronic Kidney Disease Predicts Greater 5-Year Mortality Following Major Limb Amputation.

Severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) predicts greater mortality after major lower extremity amputation (MLEA), but it remains poorly understood whether this finding extends to patients with earlier stages of CKD. We assessed outcomes for patients with CKD in a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent MLEA at a large tertiary referral center from 2015 to 2021. We stratified 398 patients by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and conducted Chi-Square and survival analysis.

Resting-State Cerebral Hemodynamics is Associated With Problem Behaviors in Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Objective: Untreated sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with problem behaviors in children. The neurological basis for this relationship is unknown. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess the relationship between cerebral hemodynamics of the frontal lobe of the brain and problem behaviors in children with SDB.

Disparities in osteoarthritis diagnosis and symptoms between English- and Spanish-speaking Latinas over 40 years of age in the United States: a analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Objective: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prominent musculoskeletal disorder that affects approximately 303 million people worldwide. The challenges that language barriers present to the Latina population in regard to the diagnosis and treatment of OA remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritic conditions in English- and Spanish-speaking Latinas over 40 years of age.

Evolution of parenteral nutrition practices in a comprehensive cancer center: Comparative audits.

Introduction: Malnutrition affects 20% to 70% of oncology patients depending on the patient's age, type and stage of cancer. Two audits were carried out in 2016 and 2019 to evaluate the practice of Parenteral Nutrition (PN).

Methods: Records of adult medical inpatients who received PN between January 1, 2018 and April 30, 2019 were retrospectively analysed.

The Enneagram and its application in medical education.

Personality testing has become increasingly popular in healthcare with multiple modalities and implementations. Although personality testing has been utilized to inform various facets of graduate medical education, little is known about how the Enneagram can be utilized throughout postgraduate training. This narrative review explores the use of personality testing in graduate medical education, how personality testing has been used in the workplace, what research is available showing its use in medical residencies, and the need for additional studies on the Enneagram's use in these areas.

Community response towards health care providers delivering health care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A strategy framework based on findings of a qualitative study in Odisha, India.

Context: While there are studies on peoples' behaviour toward health professionals (doctors and nurses) during the Coronavirus diesease (COVID-19) pandemic in hospital settings, there is limited literature on Community Health Workers (CHWs). Our study attempted to explore the behaviour of community people towards CHWs during the pandemic and its underlying reasons.

Material And Method: A qualitative study using In-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted among CHWs and community people from six districts of Odisha from February to April 2021.

Effective interventions to ensure MCH (Maternal and Child Health) services during pandemic related health emergencies (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19): A systematic review.

Introduction: Ensuring accessible and quality health care for women and children is an existing challenge, which is further exacerbated during pandemics. There is a knowledge gap about the effect of pandemics on maternal, newborn, and child well-being. This systematic review was conducted to study maternal and child health (MCH) services utilization during pandemics (Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19) and the effectiveness of various interventions undertaken for ensuring utilization of MCH services.

Resolution of Resilience: Empirical Findings on the Challenges Faced and the Mitigation Strategies Adopted by Community Health Workers (CHWs) to Provide Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Context of Odisha, India.

Community health workers (CHW) faced increased challenges in delivering maternal and child health services during the current COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to routine services, they were also engaged in pandemic management. In view of a dearth of evidence, the current study explores the challenges faced by CHWs while rendering maternal and child health services.

Lower extremity joint reaction forces and plantar fascia strain responses due to incline and decline walking.

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the effect of incline and decline walking on ground and joint reaction forces (JRF) of lower extremity and plantar fascia strain (PFS) under certain surface inclination angles.

Methods: Twenty-three male subjects walked on a customized platform with four different surface inclinations (i.e.

Spin Infrequently Occurs in Abstracts of Systematic Reviews For The Pharmacological Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Aims: Currently, there is a growing body of research demonstrating that spin - the misinterpretation and distortion of a study's findings - is common in different fields of medicine. To our knowledge, no study has investigated its presence in systematic reviews focused on diabetic therapies.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study by searching MEDLINE and Embase for systematic reviews focused on pharmacologic treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Scavenging amyloid oligomers from neurons with silica nanobowls: Implications for amyloid diseases.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers are toxic species implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevailing hypothesis implicates a major role of membrane-associated amyloid oligomers in AD pathology. Our silica nanobowls (NB) coated with lipid-polymer have submicromolar affinity for Aβ binding.

Food addiction among morbidly obese patients: prevalence and links with obesity complications.

In the context of obesity, little is known about the prevalence of food addiction nor about the phenotype of obese patients with food addiction. : To assess: (i) the prevalence of food addiction among obese patients eligible for obesity surgery; (ii) the relationship between clinical features and the complications of obesity. : Consecutive patients consulting for the first time were included.

Evaluation of articles in metabolism research on the basis of their citations.

Introduction: The number of research papers and journals each year is increasing and millions of dollars are spent. Despite this there is evidence to suggest that many publications do not impact clinical practice. We used citation analysis to measure the influence of metabolism publications from 2003-2013.