Low progesterone receptor levels in high-grade DCIS correlate with HER2 upregulation and the presence of invasive components.

Objective: In this study, we investigated pivotal molecular markers in human high-grade breast ductal carcinoma (DCIS). Expression status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) was measured among various subtypes (Luminal (Lum) A, LumB HER2, LumB HER2, HER2-enriched and triple-negative).

Methods: In total, 357 DCIS cases were classified into respective subtypes, according to the 2013 St.

Are Metastatic Central Lymph Nodes (D3 volume) in right-sided Colon Cancer a Sign of Systemic Disease? A sub-group Analysis of an Ongoing Multicenter Trial.

Objective: Assess outcomes of patients with right-sided colon cancer with metastases in the D3 volume after personalized surgery.

Background: Patients with central lymph node metastasis (D3-PNG) are considered to have a systemic disease with a poor prognosis. A 3-dimensional definition of the dissection volume allows the removal of all central nodes.

Reconstructing topography and extent of injury to the superior mesenteric artery plexus in right colectomy with extended D3 mesenterectomy: a composite multimodal 3-dimensional analysis.

Background: Superior mesenteric artery plexus (SMAP) injury is reported to cause postoperative intractable diarrhea after pancreatic/colonic surgery with extended lymphadenectomy. This study aims to describe the SMAP microanatomy and extent of injury after right colectomy with extended D3 mesenterectomy for cancer.

Methods: Three groups (I) anatomical dissection, (II) postmortem histology, and (III) surgical specimen histology were included.

DNA Repair Protein Expression and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Ulcerative Colitis and Sporadic Colorectal Cancer.

Background/aim: Chronic inflammation generates large quantities of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that damage DNA. DNA repair is important for cellular viability and genome integrity.

Materials And Methods: Expression levels of the DNA repair proteins OGG1, XPA, MLH1, PARP1, and XRCC6, which function in base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, single-strand break repair and double-strand break repair, respectively, were assessed using immunohistochemistry in ulcerative colitis and sporadic colorectal cancer biopsies.

Role of the Wnt signaling pathway in keratoacanthoma.

Background: Keratoacanthoma (KA) has a unique life cycle of rapid growth and spontaneous regression that shows similarities to the hair follicle cycle, which involves an active Wnt signaling during physiological regeneration. We analyzed the expression of the Wnt signaling proteins β-catenin, Lef1, Sox9, and Cyclin D1 in young and old human KAs to investigate a possible role for Wnt signaling in KAs.

Aim: To investigate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human KAs.

Real-life chromoendoscopy for dysplasia surveillance in ulcerative colitis.

Aim: To evaluate the use of chromoendoscopy for surveillance of ulcerative colitis in a real-life community hospital setting.

Methods: Patients with extensive ulcerative colitis, having disease duration of more than 8 years and who presented between the years of 1999 to 2013, were offered enrolment in this single cohort prospective study. All participants underwent standard bowel preparation with sodium phosphate and chromoendoscopy.

Multi-target stool DNA test in the surveillance of inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Background And Aim: Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended in patients with longstanding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as they are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Non-invasive surveillance may improve compliance and access. Multi-target stool DNA (MT-sDNA) has been validated for screening of sporadic CRC but has not been assessed in IBD.

Induction of Apoptosis in Intestinal Toxicity to a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor in a Phase I Study with Pelvic Radiotherapy.

Purpose: When integrating molecularly targeted compounds in radiotherapy, synergistic effects of the systemic agent and radiation may extend the limits of patient tolerance, increasing the demand for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of treatment toxicity. In this Pelvic Radiation and Vorinostat (PRAVO) study, we investigated mechanisms of adverse effects in response to the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) when administered as a potential radiosensitiser.

Materials And Methods: This phase I study for advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma was conducted in sequential patient cohorts exposed to escalating doses of vorinostat combined with standard-fractionated palliative radiotherapy to pelvic target volumes.

Symptoms and Mucosal Changes Stable During Rapid Increase of Pediatric Celiac Disease in Norway.

Objectives: We aimed to study whether the incidence of pediatric celiac disease (CD) in South-Eastern Norway changed from 2000 to 2010. We also examined whether there was a change in symptoms and histopathological morphology in the duodenal biopsies during the same period.

Methods: In 3 hospitals in South-Eastern Norway, records from pediatric patients (0-14.

Tp53/p53 status in keratoacanthomas.

Background: Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a common keratinocytic skin neoplasm that typically develops rapidly and undergoes complete spontaneous regression. As the pro-apoptotic p53 protein may be involved in the lifecycle of KA, we studied the p53 status throughout the main stages of KA that include proliferation, maturation and regression in a large series of lesions.

Methods: One-hundred and twenty-four KAs were characterized with respect to age of the lesions both clinically and histopathologically, in addition to phenotypic characteristics such as cellular atypia, infiltration, inflammation and fibrosis.

TP53/p53 alterations and Aurora A expression in progressor and non-progressor colectomies from patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis.

Aneuploidy is a common feature in the colonic mucosa of patients suffering from the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis (UC) and often precedes the development of dysplasia and cancer. Aneuploidy is assumed to be caused by missegregation of chromosomes during mitosis, often due to a faulty spindle assembly checkpoint. p53 is a tumour suppressor protein known to regulate the spindle assembly checkpoint and is frequently mutated in aneuploid cells.

Reduced hTERT protein levels are associated with DNA aneuploidy in the colonic mucosa of patients suffering from longstanding ulcerative colitis.

Longstanding ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease of chronic inflammation of the colon. It is associated with the development of colorectal cancer through a multistep process including increasing degrees of dysplasia and DNA-ploidy changes. However, not all UC patients will develop these characteristics even during lifelong disease, and patients may therefore be divided into progressors who develop dysplasia or cancer, and non-progressors who do not exhibit such changes.

The endothelin axis in the metastatic process of colon carcinoma.

Background: The endothelin axis has recently emerged as an important factor in tumour metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the endothelin axis and its downstream pathways related to metastasis in colon carcinoma.

Materials And Methods: mRNA expression of 36 genes associated with the endothelin axis in 18 non-metastatic and 20 metastatic colon carcinomas with individual-matched normal mucosa were evaluated using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

Lymph node micrometastases and isolated tumor cells influence survival in stage I and II colon cancer.

Purpose: Lymph-node status is considered the most important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the influence of micrometastases and isolated tumor cells on recurrence and disease-free survival in colon cancer.

Methods: A total of 193 patients with colon cancer, operated on between 2000 and 2005, were enrolled in the study.

Evaluation of suitable reference genes for normalization of real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis in colon cancer.

Background: Real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is frequently used for gene expression quantification due to its methodological reproducibility and sensitivity. The gene expression is quantified by normalization to one or more reference genes which are presumed stably expressed throughout a given experiment. The aim of this study was to validate a standardized experimental setup to identifying reference genes for normalization of qRT-PCR in the metastatic and non-metastatic colon cancer.

The Prognostic Impact of Protein Expression of E-Cadherin-Catenin Complexes Differs between Rectal and Colon Carcinoma.

The E-cadherin-catenin complex provides cell-cell adhesion. In order for a carcinoma to metastasize, cancer cells must let go of their hold of neighboring cells in the primary tumor. The presence of components of the E-cadherin-catenin complex in 246 rectal adenocarcinomas was examined by immunohistochemistry and compared to their presence in 219 colon carcinomas.

Differences in protein expression and gene amplification of cyclins between colon and rectal adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinomas of rectum and colon may be different with regard to the cellular biological basis for cancer development. A material of 246 rectal cancers removed surgically at Akershus University Hospital in the years 1992-2000 was investigated and was compared to a material of 219 colon cancers operated on at Akershus University Hospital during the years 1988, 1990 and 1997-2000. There were highly significant differences between the rectal and the colon cancers in the protein expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin E, nuclear beta-catenin, and c-Myc and in gene amplification of cyclin A2, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, and cyclin E.

Widespread but not localized neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease worsens the prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, new phenotypes of CRC in IBD have been suggested. Studies of the prognosis of CRC in IBD have shown conflicting results.

Two distinct groups of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The histological variability in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CRC in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]) and the association to clinical factors is unknown.

Methods: In population-based material including 67 patients with CRC in IBD, histopathology of the cancers and tissue samples from different colorectal localizations were reevaluated, and relationships to clinical factors analyzed.

Results: Forty-three of 60 patients (75%) showed dysplasia in the colorectum apart from the cancer, while 17 (25%) had no dysplasia at cancer diagnosis.

Relationship between clinical parameters and the colitis-colorectal cancer interval in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but more knowledge is needed about the possible relationship between clinical parameters and the time to development of cancer in IBD. The aim of the study was to determine the variability of the colitis-CRC interval and to analyze the association with clinical variables in an attempt to gain information on predictive factors of time to cancer within a relatively large cohort of CRC patients.

Material And Methods: Patients diagnosed with IBD prior to 1 May 2005 at three university hospitals in Oslo were matched against the CRC files at the Cancer Registry of Norway.

Sentinel node mapping does not improve staging of lymph node metastasis in colonic cancer.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the reliability of the sentinel node concept in colonic cancer.

Methods: Patent blue was used as tracer. The four blue nodes closest to the tumor were defined as the sentinel node(s) by the pathologist.

[Colorectal polyps].

Background: Colorectal polyps are common, but there is a large geographical variation--and Norway has one of the highest incidences. There is circumstantial evidence that most cancers develop from polyps; so detection, eradication and follow-up stategies for polyps are important. The article provides an update on these topics.

Microsatellite instability in long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon associated with a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. Several genetic alterations have been documented in dysplasia and cancer developing in UC. Concerning microsatellite instability (MSI), many contradictory results have been published.

Total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: difference in outcome for low and high rectal cancer.

Purpose: This prospective study was designed to assess the outcome through the first five years after the introduction of total mesorectal excision in 1993 in a Norwegian central hospital, with special regard to the difference between low (< or =6 cm from anal verge) and high (>6 cm) rectal cancers.

Methods: A total of 140 patients (81 males; median age, 64 (range, 29-87) years) underwent surgery for rectal cancer under curative intention.

Results: Local recurrence rates were 8 of 44 (18 percent) for the low cancers and 5 of 96 (5 percent) for the high, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.

Mitochondrial microsatellite instability in colorectal carcinomas--frequency and association with nuclear microsatellite instability.

The D310 mononucleotide repeat in the D-loop region in mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a hotspot for alterations in primary tumours. We examined D310 alterations as well as repeats in the ND1 and ND5 genes, in 95 colorectal carcinomas and in 95 controls without known gastrointestinal malignancy. D310 alterations were found in 32 (34%) of the carcinomas, in contrast to two persons (2%) in the control group.