Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from targeted thorium conjugate formulations. Part II: purification of targeted thorium conjugates on cation exchange columns.

Tumor targeting pharmaceuticals will play a crucial role in future pharma pipelines. The targeted thorium conjugate (TTC) therapeutic platform could provide real benefit to patients, whereby targeting moieties like monoclonal antibodies are radiolabelled with the alpha-emitting radionuclide thorium-227 (Th, t = 18.7 days).

Manipulating tablets and capsules given to hospitalised children in Norway is common practice.

Aim: This study provided an overview of manipulating oral medicines given to hospitalised children and evaluated this practice in two hospitals. It focused on the type of manipulation and the dosage forms that were manipulated.

Method: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study, carried out on the paediatric wards at two Norwegian hospitals for four weeks in 2013.

Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from targeted thorium conjugate formulations. Part I: purification of decayed thorium-227 on cation exchange columns.

Targeted thorium conjugates (TTCs) are being explored as a potential future platform for specific tumor targeting pharmaceuticals. In TTCs, the alpha emitting radionuclide thorium-227 (Th) with a half-life of 18.697 d is labeled to targeting moieties, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Development of separation technology for the removal of radium-223 from decayed thorium-227 in drug formulations. Material screening and method development.

Targeted thorium conjugates are currently being investigated as a new class of alpha-radiopharmaceuticals. The natural decay of thorium-227 ((227)Th) results in the ingrowth of radium-223 ((223)Ra). Consideration must, therefore, be given to define acceptable limits of (223)Ra in the drug product at the time of dose administration.

Physicochemical Stability of Emulsions and Admixtures for Parenteral Nutrition during Irradiation by Glass-Filtered Daylight at Standardized Conditions.

Unlabelled: Commercially available parenteral emulsions (n = 4) and admixtures for parenteral nutrition (n = 2) were exposed to UVA and visible irradiation (320-800 nm) at standardized, validated conditions according to the ICH Guideline Q1B (Option 1, to an endpoint corresponding to 1.2 × 10(6) lux h in the range 400-800 nm). Physical stability was evaluated as changes in emulsion droplet size measured by photon correlation spectroscopy, and emulsion droplet zeta potential measured by micro-electrophoresis.

Radiosensitizing effect of zinc oxide and silica nanocomposites on cancer cells.

Nanoparticulates responsive to X-rays offer increased efficacy of radiation therapy. However, successful demonstrations of such nanoparticle use are limited so far due to lack of significant radiosensitizing effects or poor nanoparticle stability in a biological system. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is the most promising biocompatible material for medicinal applications.

Implications of In-Use Photostability: Proposed Guidance for Photostability Testing and Labeling to Support the Administration of Photosensitive Pharmaceutical Products, Part 2: Topical Drug Product.

Although essential guidance to cover the photostability testing of pharmaceuticals for manufacturing and storage is well-established, there continues to be a significant gap in guidance regarding testing to support the effective administration of photosensitive drug products. Continuing from Part 1, (Baertschi SW, Clapham D, Foti C, Jansen PJ, Kristensen S, Reed RA, Templeton AC, Tønnesen HH. 2013.

Antibacterial phototoxic effects of synthetic asymmetric and glycosylated curcuminoids in aqueous formulations: studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. LIV.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro phototoxic potential of synthetic asymmetric and glycosylated curcuminoids on planktonic model bacteria by counting the colony forming units. The Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis and the Gram-negative Escherichia coli were exposed to aqueous solutions of the curcuminoids (⩽2.5 μM) in the presence or absence of selected pharmaceutical excipients (Pluronic F127, PEG 400 and HPγCD) in combination with a low irradiation dose (5 J/cm(2); λmax: 450 nm) of constant irradiance and time.

Molecular interactions and solubilization of structurally related meso-porphyrin photosensitizers by amphiphilic block copolymers (Pluronics).

The influence of four Pluronics block copolymers (i.e. F68, P123, F127, and L44) on the aggregation and solubilization of five structurally related meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin photosensitizers (PS) as model compounds for use in Photodynamic Therapy of cancer (PDT) was evaluated.

The influence of Pluronics nanovehicles on dark cytotoxicity, photocytotoxicity and localization of four model photosensitizers in cancer cells.

Many photosensitizers (PSs) for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) are characterized by poor solubility and a tendency to aggregate in aqueous environments. Nanovehicles of Pluronics block copolymers may be used for drug delivery of antineoplastic agents and may also exert a separate effect in enhancing drug efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of selected Pluronics (F127, P123, L44 and F68) on the dark cytotoxicity, photocytotoxicity and localization of four model photosensitizers, tetraphenyl porphyrins 4-substituted on the phenyl groups with trimethylamine (TAPP), hydroxyl (THPP), sulfonate (TSPP) and carboxyl (TCPP) in cancer cells.

The influence of Pluronics® on dark cytotoxicity, photocytotoxicity, localization and uptake of curcumin in cancer cells: studies of curcumin and curcuminoids XLIX.

In order to apply curcumin as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) one needs a formulation that can solubilize and stabilize the compound. Pluronics® (Pluronic) are reported to both solubilize and stabilize curcumin against hydrolytic degradation. The aim of the present work was therefore to investigate the influence of Pluronic formulation on the photocytotoxicity of curcumin.

Entrapment in phospholipid vesicles quenches photoactivity of quantum dots.

Quantum dots have emerged with great promise for biological applications as fluorescent markers for immunostaining, labels for intracellular trafficking, and photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. However, upon entry into a cell, quantum dots are trapped and their fluorescence is quenched in endocytic vesicles such as endosomes and lysosomes. In this study, the photophysical properties of quantum dots were investigated in liposomes as an in vitro vesicle model.

Long-term stability of extemporaneously prepared captopril oral liquids in glass bottles.

Purpose: The long-term stability of captopril in extemporaneously prepared oral liquids was studied.

Methods: Captopril solutions of 1 and 5 mg/mL were prepared in sterile water for irrigation with sorbitol, disodium edetate, and sodium benzoate. The samples were stored in 100-mL amber glass bottles with a headspace of air at 22 degrees C for 12 months.

Photoreactivity of biologically active compounds. XIX: excited states and free radicals from the antimalarial drug primaquine.

The formation and reactivity of excited states and free radicals from primaquine, a drug used in the treatment of malaria, was studied in order to evaluate the primary photochemical reaction mechanisms. The excited primaquine triplet was not detected, but is likely to be formed with a short lifetime (<50 ns) and with a triplet energy <250 kJ/mol as the drug is an efficient quencher of the fenbufen triplet and the biphenyl triplet, and forms (1)O(2) by laser flash photolysis ((PQ)Phi(Delta)=0.025).