Optimisation Challenge for a Superconducting Adiabatic Neural Network That Implements XOR and OR Boolean Functions.

In this article, we consider designs of simple analog artificial neural networks based on adiabatic Josephson cells with a sigmoid activation function. A new approach based on the gradient descent method is developed to adjust the circuit parameters, allowing efficient signal transmission between the network layers. The proposed solution is demonstrated on the example of a system that implements XOR and OR logical operations.

Spin-Valve-Controlled Triggering of Superconductivity.

We have studied the proximity effect in an SF1S1F2s superconducting spin valve consisting of a massive superconducting electrode (S) and a multilayer structure formed by thin ferromagnetic (F1,2) and superconducting (S1, s) layers. Within the framework of the Usadel equations, we have shown that changing the mutual orientation of the magnetization vectors of the F1,2 layers from parallel to antiparallel serves to trigger superconductivity in the outer thin s-film. We studied the changes in the pair potential in the outer s-film and found the regions of parameters with a significant spin-valve effect.

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron.

Josephson digital or analog ancillary circuits are an essential part of a large number of modern quantum processors. The natural candidate for the basis of tuning, coupling, and neromorphic co-processing elements for processors based on flux qubits is the adiabatic (reversible) superconducting logic cell. Using the simplest implementation of such a cell as an example, we have investigated the conditions under which it can optionally operate as an auxiliary qubit while maintaining its "classical" neural functionality.

Bio-Inspired Design of Superconducting Spiking Neuron and Synapse.

The imitative modelling of processes in the brain of living beings is an ambitious task. However, advances in the complexity of existing hardware brain models are limited by their low speed and high energy consumption. A superconducting circuit with Josephson junctions closely mimics the neuronal membrane with channels involved in the operation of the sodium-potassium pump.

The Effect of Inactivating Heterozygous Mutation in NBS1 Gene on DNA Damage and Repair Markers and Apoptosis Markers in Mice.

We studied the state of the DNA repair system and apoptosis in young mice carrying heterozygous inactivating mutation in the NBS1 gene (c.1971insT, p.Arg658Stop).

Tunnel Josephson Junction with Spin-Orbit/Ferromagnetic Valve.

We have theoretically studied the transport properties of the SIsNSOF structure consisting of thick (S) and thin (s) films of superconductor, an insulator layer (I), a thin film of normal metal with spin-orbit interaction (SOI) (NSO), and a monodomain ferromagnetic layer (F). The interplay between superconductivity, ferromagnetism, and spin-orbit interaction allows the critical current of this Josephson junction to be smoothly varied over a wide range by rotating the magnetization direction in the single F-layer. We have studied the amplitude of the spin valve effect and found the optimal ranges of parameters.

Contribution of Processes in SN Electrodes to the Transport Properties of SN-N-NS Josephson Junctions.

In this paper, we present a theoretical study of electronic transport in planar Josephson Superconductor-Normal Metal-Superconductor (SN-N-NS) bridges with arbitrary transparency of the SN interfaces. We formulate and solve the two-dimensional problem of finding the spatial distribution of the supercurrent in the SN electrodes. This allows us to determine the scale of the weak coupling region in the SN-N-NS bridges, i.

Superconducting Valve Exploiting Interplay between Spin-Orbit and Exchange Interactions.

We theoretically investigated the proximity effect in SNSOF and SF'F structures consisting of a superconductor (S), a normal metal (NSO), and ferromagnetic (F',F) thin films with spin-orbit interaction (SOI) in the NSO layer. We show that a normal layer with spin-orbit interaction effectively suppresses triplet correlations generated in a ferromagnetic layer. Due to this effect, the critical temperature of the superconducting layer in the SNSOF multilayer turns out to be higher than in a similar multilayer without spin-orbit interaction in the N layer.

Reconstruction of fluorophore absorption and fluorescence lifetime using early photon mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography: a phantom study.

Significance: Fluorescence molecular lifetime tomography (FMLT) plays an increasingly important role in experimental oncology. The article presents and experimentally verifies an original method of mesoscopic time domain FMLT, based on an asymptotic approximation to the fluorescence source function, which is valid for early arriving photons.

Aim: The aim was to justify the efficiency of the method by experimental scanning and reconstruction of a phantom with a fluorophore.

[Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis of various localization: A review].

The article discusses the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), the prevalence of which is high, and according to some forecasts it will increase by 50% in the next 20 years. The authors emphasize the high comorbidity among patients suffering from OA and high cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risks with frequent use of NSAIDs, the volume of consumption of which is constantly increasing. Discussing recommendations for the treatment of patients with OA, the article focuses on the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations in the treatment of OA.

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime.

We explore the dynamics of an adiabatic neural cell of a perceptron artificial neural network in a quantum regime. This mode of cell operation is assumed for a hybrid system of a classical neural network whose configuration is dynamically adjusted by a quantum co-processor. Analytical and numerical studies take into account non-adiabatic processes as well as dissipation, which leads to smoothing of quantum coherent oscillations.

Revealing Josephson Vortex Dynamics in Proximity Junctions below Critical Current.

Made of a thin non-superconducting metal (N) sandwiched by two superconductors (S), SNS Josephson junctions enable novel quantum functionalities by mixing up the intrinsic electronic properties of N with the superconducting correlations induced from S by proximity. Electronic properties of these devices are governed by Andreev quasiparticles (Andreev, A. 1965, 20, 1490) which are absent in conventional SIS junctions whose insulating barrier (I) between the two S electrodes owns no electronic states.

Effective Exchange Energy in a Thin, Spatially Inhomogeneous CuNi Layer Proximized by Nb.

Thin films of diluted magnetic alloys are widely used in superconducting spintronics devices. Most studies rely on transport measurements and assume homogeneous magnetic layers. Here we examine on a local scale the electronic properties of the well-known two-layer superconductor/ferromagnet structure Nb/CuNi.

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions.

The hardware implementation of signal microprocessors based on superconducting technologies seems relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron.

Superconducting Bio-Inspired Au-Nanowire-Based Neurons.

High-performance modeling of neurophysiological processes is an urgent task that requires new approaches to information processing. In this context, two- and three-junction superconducting quantum interferometers with Josephson weak links based on gold nanowires are fabricated and investigated experimentally. The studied cells are proposed for the implementation of bio-inspired neurons-high-performance, energy-efficient, and compact elements of neuromorphic processor.

Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism in boys with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cohort study and an extension of the hypothesis.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome is a common chromosomal (aneuploidy) disorder associated with an extra X chromosome in males. Regardless of numerous studies dedicated to somatic gonosomal mosaicism, Klinefelter syndrome mosaicism (KSM) has not been systematically addressed in clinical cohorts. Here, we report on the evaluation of KSM in a large cohort of boys with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Environment-induced overheating phenomena in Au-nanowire based Josephson junctions.

Unlike conventional planar Josephson junctions, nanowire-based devices have a bridge geometry with a peculiar coupling to environment that can favor non-equilibrium electronic phenomena. Here we measure the influence of the electron bath overheating on critical current of several bridge-like junctions built on a single Au-nanowire. Using the Usadel theory and applying the two-fluid description for the normal and superconducting components of the flowing currents, we reveal and explain the mutual influence of the neighbouring junctions on their characteristics through various processes of the electron gas overheating.

Turner's syndrome mosaicism in girls with neurodevelopmental disorders: a cohort study and hypothesis.

Background: Turner's syndrome is associated with either monosomy or a wide spectrum of structural rearrangements of chromosome X. Despite the interest in studying (somatic) chromosomal mosaicism, Turner's syndrome mosaicism (TSM) remains to be fully described. This is especially true for the analysis of TSM in clinical cohorts (e.

Disruption of cellular proteostasis by H1N1 influenza A virus causes α-synuclein aggregation.

Neurodegenerative diseases feature specific misfolded or misassembled proteins associated with neurotoxicity. The precise mechanisms by which protein aggregates first arise in the majority of sporadic cases have remained unclear. Likely, a first critical mass of misfolded proteins starts a vicious cycle of a prion-like expansion.

Anomalous magneto-resistance of Ni-nanowire/Nb hybrid system.

We examine the influence of superconductivity on the magneto-transport properties of a ferromagnetic Ni nanowire connected to Nb electrodes. We show experimentally and confirm theoretically that the Nb/Ni interface plays an essential role in the electron transport through the device. Just below the superconducting transition, a strong inverse proximity effect from the nanowire suppresses superconducting correlations at Nb/Ni interfaces, resulting in a conventional anisotropic magneto-resistive response.

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory.

We present a study of magnetic structures with controllable effective exchange energy for Josephson switches and memory applications. As a basis for a weak link we propose to use a periodic structure composed of ferromagnetic (F) layers spaced by thin superconductors (s). Our calculations based on the Usadel equations show that switching from parallel (P) to antiparallel (AP) alignment of neighboring F layers can lead to a significant enhancement of the critical current through the junction.

Dynamic properties of asymmetric double Josephson junction stack with quasiparticle imbalance.

We study analytically and numerically the influence of the quasiparticle charge imbalance on the dynamics of the asymmetric Josephson stack formed by two inequivalent junctions: the fast capacitive junction JJ and slow non-capacitive junction JJ . We find, that the switching of the fast junction into resistive state leads to significant increase of the effective critical current of the slow junction. At the same time, the initial switching of the slow junction may either increase or decrease the effective critical current of the fast junction, depending on ratio of their resistances and the value of the capacitance.