Screening and periodical medical examinations as important part of public health: problem of the legal implementation.

Objective: Introduction: Public health is an important concept, which is continually being globalized and integrated into today's society. It helps to improve and prolong the quality of life of people and prevent the spread of epidemics and serious incurable diseases. The components of public health include protection, prevention, and promotion.

Legal aspects of counteracting the trafficking of falsified medicines in the european union.

Introduction: The paper identifies key risks associated with the illegal production and sale of medicines. Also there were generalized features of criminal responsibility for acts related to the trafficking of drugs in some Member States of the EU and analyzed legal means of combating the falsified drugs today. The problem concerning falsification of medicines is particularly acute not only in developing countries but also in developed ones.

[The endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor as a reserve defence mechanism of vasodilatation under conditions of ionizing radiation].

The goal of this study was to determine the cellular mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats irradiated with gamma-rays. Acetylcholine (Ach)-induced relaxation of rat thoracic aorta rings was measured as a test of endothelial integrity and function. The data obtained allow suggest that endothelial function is impaired in aorta from g-irradiated rats mainly due to the loss of EDRF/NO-dependent, but not EDHF-dependent relaxation.

[Effect of radiation on calcium-dependent pathway of nitroglycerin-evoked relaxation of rat aorta].

The effects of nitroglycerine (NG, 10(-7)-10(-4) M) on contractile force and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in deendotelized thoracic aorta smooth muscles (SM) precontracted with high K+ in control and gamma-irradiated rats (6 Gy) were investigated. NG-induced activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as dominating pathway of NG-induced SM relaxation without related decrease in [Ca2+]i level is demonstrated. Radiation was without effect on this sGC-dependent and [Ca2+]i -independent NG-induced relaxation of vascular smooth muscle but decreased the basal levels of[Ca2+]i by (28.

[Effect of ionising irradiation on outward potassium current in the aorta smooth muscle cells in rats: the role of protein kinase C].

It is known that gamma-irradiation leads to vascular hyperfunction and hypertension development. In this study we tested the hypothesis that ionizing irradiation directly affects vascular smooth muscle cells due to damage in outward K+ channel function. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of whole-body ionizing irradiation (6 Gy dose) on Ca(2+) dependent K+ channels and to clarify a possible involvement of protein kinase C in this process.

[Functional and molecular changes of large-conductance calcium-dependent potassium in rat aortic smooth muscle cells after ionizing irradiation].

The effects of whole body gamma-irradiation on large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels (BK(Ca)) function and mRNA expression in rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were studied using combined patch-clamp technique in whole-cell modification and RT-PCR analysis. The stimulation of control SMCs by increasingly depolarized voltage steps showed clearly expressed outward K+ currents in control SMCs. Outward currents in SMCs obtained from irradiated animals on the 9th and 30th days post-irradiation demonstrated a significant decrease of K current density amplitudes.

[Modern conception of protein kinase C role in the vascular smooth muscles tone regulation].

Protein kinase C is an important regulatory enzyme that plays significant role in the vascular tone regulation. Protein kinase C is involved in the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) contractility at physiological conditions and its hyperreactivity at different types of pathology. Myogenic and endothelium-dependent pathways of protein kinase C-mediated vascular tone regulation include a variety of cellular mechanisms.

[Mechanisms of nitric oxide activity in cardiovascular system as a basis of pathogenetic therapy of related diseases].

General characteristics and mechanisms of effects of nitric oxide (NO) and its role in the development of pathology are reviewed. Presented are the data about NO participation in the regulation of circulation and cardiovascular system; NO-dependent mechanism of regulation of cardiovascular reactivity against the background of dysfunction of endothelium; cGMP-independent mechanism of NO effect upon Ca homeostasis and the sensitivity of myofibrils of smooth muscle cells to Ca ions; pharmacological correction of disturbances of NO metabolism and related endothelial dysfunction; role of age changes of the endothelial function in the development of cardiovascular pathology.

[Effect of inhibiting protein kinase C on calcium sensitivity of contractile apparatus of vascular smooth muscle during vasospasms of different origins].

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in changes in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) in rats at different vasospastic states: hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, genetically determined hypertension, and hypertension resulted from ionizing radiation. All vasospastic states demonstrated rightward shifts in pCa-tension curves suggesting that myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity had increased. In chemically (beta-escin) skinned pulmonary artery, hypoxia-induced increase in myofilament Ca(2+)-sensitivity was completely abolished by PKC inhibitor chelerythrine.

[Effect of inhibition of glycolysis and myoendothelial electrical coupling on contractile responses of pulmonary artery and aorta during hypoxia in rats].

The effects of blockade of glycolysis on the contractile activity of isolated vascular rings of both the pulmonary artery and, the thoracic aorta were studied under hypoxia in intact, denuded vessels and those with blocked myoendothelial electrical coupling. The blockade of glycolysis led to a reversion of a hypoxic contraction in the pulmonary artery but had no effect on hypoxic dilatation of the aorta. Hypoxic constriction of the pulmonary artery was abolished after denudation and stayed unchanged at the following blockade of glycolysis.

[Change in contractile vascular function in arterial hypertension of different genesis and its correction with phosphatidylcholine liposomes].

We examined the effects of phosphatidylcholine liposomes (PCL) upon the contractile vascular dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and gamma-irradiated (60Co, 6 Gy) rats and rabbits. A significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was evident in both SHR and irradiated animals. An important novel finding of these experiments is that the impairment was mainly due to the loss of NO-dependent component of relaxation, with the component of relaxation mediated by EDHF being preserved.

[Current concepts on the mechanisms of hypoxic effects on vascular tonus].

It is well known that hypoxia causes smooth muscle relaxation of the majority of mammalian systemic blood vessels, whereas smooth muscles in the pulmonary and large coronary arteries constrict under hypoxia. The review describes a modern concept of the mechanisms involved in the hypoxic vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. Cationic channels of a plasma membrane, the contractile apparatus, and mitochondria are the main oxygen sensors in the vascular smooth muscle cells.

[cGMP-independent effect of nitric oxide on contractility and intracellular calcium level of rat tail artery vascular smooth muscles].

The effects of nitric oxide (NO, 10(-6) M) on contractility and intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i) of rat tail artery smooth muscles in control and under inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) with 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY83583, 10(-6) M) are investigated. NO-induced relaxations of vascular smooth muscles comprised 61.01 +/- 5.

[The role of the endothelium and of biologically active substances of endothelial origin in regulating blood circulation and cardiac activity].

The role of endothelium and its biologically active derivatives in the central and local control of circulation is under consideration. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the activation of the endothelium-dependent responses of different functional significance are being discussed, as well as the state of endothelial responses in the development and compensation of pathological processes in the cardiovascular system.

[Endothelium-dependent vascular response in rabbits during prolonged experimental hypercholesterolemia].

It was shown in experiments on anesthetized rabbits that disturbances in endothelium-dependent relaxant (Ach-induced) and constrictor (hypoxia-induced) vascular responses depended on duration of high hypercholesterol diet and on the structural damage of the vascular wall as well as on changes in the functional activity of endotheliocytes. Short (1 month) hypercholesterolemia led to thickening of the blood-cellular barrier and promoted a decrease in the endothelium-dependent relaxant response to Ach. At the same time short hypercholesterolemia enhanced a constrictor component of the vascular smooth muscle (VSM) response to hypoxia.