Antioxidant activity of fermentation mycelia contributions of different solvent extractions and their inhibitory effect on α-amylase.

spp. have historically been used as traditional medicines to treat various diseases owing to their antioxidant, antitumor, and antidiabetic activities. Polysaccharides exhibit antidiabetic activity.

Species Diversity of Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales) in Israel, with Some Insights into the Phylogenetic Structure of the Family.

The diversity of Lycoperdaceae in Israel was studied. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the family, and genus in particular, were inferred using original ITS rDNA sequences of 58 samples belonging to 25 species from Israel and six other countries, together with 66 sequences stored in the GenBank database. The current molecular phylogenetic study recovered the family Lycoperdaceae as a monophyletic group, which was supported in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses.

Effect of the Lingzi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) on Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia with Experimental Metabolic Syndrome.

The effect of Ganoderma lucidum hot water extract of submerged cultivated mycelium suspensia on carbohydrate metabolism and lipid profile during fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats was studied. The outbred white male Wistar rats, in which metabolic syndrome was induced by consuming a 10% fructose solution instead of drinking water for 42 days, were used. After the induction of metabolic syndrome, the mycelium of G.

Antioxidant Activities of Hot Water Extracts from Mycelial Biomass of Different Combinations of Medicinal Agaricomycetes Mushrooms.

This study aimed to determine the free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of hot water extracts prepared from different combinations and ratios of submerged cultivated mycelial biomass of medicinal mushrooms. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were evaluated for combined crude hot water extracts from medicinal higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms belonging to ten genera. The results demonstrate that almost all tested combinations were good sources of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, ranging between 16.

Striatal Isolated from Extracts Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

The aim of the present study was to identify the structure of active compounds in that previously demonstrated anti-pancreatic cancer activity. The active compounds were purified from a crude extract by a series of RP-18 preparative chromatography using homemade octadecyl silica gel column. HPLC injection of the crude extract revealed a chromatogram with three main peaks with retention times (RT) 15.

Reappraisal of the Genus () Worldwide Based on Multi-Gene Phylogeny, Morphology and Biogeography, and Insights on .

The boletoid genera and have recently been suggested by some researchers to constitute a single genus, and was merged into as a later synonym. However, no convincing arguments have yet provided significant evidence for this congeneric placement. In this study, we analyze material from species and closely related taxa to assess taxonomic and phylogenetic boundaries between these genera and to clarify species delimitation within .

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Different Combinations of Submerged Cultured Mycelia of Medicinal Mushrooms.

This research describes the investigation of submerged cultivated mycelial biomass and hot water extracts prepared from different combinations and ratios of medicinal mushroom (MM) dry powders, comprising various biologically active compounds/secondary metabolites. In particular, it was evaluated the proximate composition (moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, total carbohydrates, and total energy), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ergothioneine (ERG), amino acid content of mycelia of 16 higher Basidiomycetes MM species. The results obtained demonstrate that almost all tested combinations were found to be good sources of polysaccharides, with content varying in the ranges of 4.

Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Inhibits Xenograft Tumor Growth In Vivo.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with limited options for effective therapy and the lowest survival rate of all cancer forms. Therefore, a new, effective strategy for cancer treatment is in need. Previously, we found that a culture liquid extract of (CS) has a potent antitumor activity.

Medicinal Mushrooms against Influenza Viruses.

This review provides results obtained by scientists from different countries on the antiviral activity of medicinal mushrooms against influenza viruses that can cause pandemics. Currently, the search for antiviral compounds is relevant in connection with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Medicinal mushrooms contain biologically active compounds (polysaccharides, proteins, terpenes, melanins, etc.

Professor Shu-Ting Chang, Cancer Mycotherapy and Le Chatelier Principle.

In the jubilee paper devoted to Professor Shu-Ting Chang, we aimed to outline the applicability of the Le Chatelier principle to various fields, especially to cancer biology and immunotherapy of malignant neoplasms. Cancer progression has been shown to be associated with a response to cell stress and survival agents. It was proclaimed that cancer immunotherapy, using fungal metabolites, should be carried out as a mode of compensation for imbalances that arise during the basic treatment.

Professor Shu-Ting Chang on His 90th Birthday.

This issue is dedicated to the 90th birthday of Professor Shu-Ting Chang, a prominent scientist in the field of mushroom biology, including cultivation and nutritional values of mushrooms, medicinal mushroom science, and environmental impact of mushrooms. Professor Shu-Ting Chang is also one of the initiators and has been an editor of our journal from its inception (in 1999) until now.

Caterpillar Medicinal Mushroom, Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycetes), Mycelia Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Upregulates Krebs Cycle Dehydrogenases Activity and ATP Level in Rat Brain.

Post-chemotherapy-induced cognitive dysfunction remains one of the challenges in cancer survivors. Cytokine-induced neurotoxicity manifests in subjects at any time after doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. We examined the effect of bioactive Cordyceps militaris mycelia extract (CM) on the energy status, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of DOX treated rats.

Antioxidant Activities of Selected Medicinal Mushroom Submerged Cultivated Mycelia.

Medicinal mushrooms fruiting bodies have been used as food or medicine for years but cultured mycelium is faster to grow and costs less. This research studied the antioxidant activities of three species (five strains) of medicinal mushroom mycelia (Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma tsugae I and II, Trametes versicolor I and II). Two-stage extractions were performed: first the sample was extracted with 70% ethanol, and then the residue was extracted with 95°C hot water.

Profiles of Little-Known Medicinal Polypores: Haploporus odorus (Agaricomycetes).

The purpose of this study was to compile a comprehensive characterization of little-known polypores, which have recently been found to possess anticancer activity and thus can also be used in cancer target therapy. Haploporus odorus is a polypore of Holarctic distribution and has been found by harvesters working in taiga floodlands and broadleaf forests of the Northern Hemisphere. A substance known as haploporic acid A was determined in methylene chloride extract from the dried basidiomata of H.

Current and Future Research Trends in Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Medicinal Mushrooms and Mushroom Products (Review).

Here, we analyze the status and future trends in the study of medicinal mushrooms (MMs) in agriculture and biomedicine. Fruiting bodies of mushrooms are heterotrophic organisms that obtain all their nutritive requirements from the substrate. Mushroom substrates are agro-industrial plant residues and forest byproducts, which are usually called lignocellulosic materials.

Cancer without Pharmacological Illusions and a Niche for Mycotherapy (Review).

In this review we outline a framework in which mycotherapy is effective in the field of oncology. We suppose that irreversible epigenomic changes in cancer cells and achieving their replicative immortality when cancer-specific targets are absent should take away any illusions about a fundamental possibility of pharmacological blockage of the cancer process once ontogenesis begins. At the same time, however, we believe that effects of both traditional and alternative medicines on cancer clonogenic units within a particular range can lead to prolonged remission; with this in mind, we carefully consider the various possibilities of mycotherapy in controlling cancer activity.

The Brown Roll-Rim Mushroom, Paxillus involutus (Agaricomycetes), as a Promising Biomedical Research Resource.

The brown roll-rim mushroom (Paxillus involutus) quickly produces biomass in nature, although, being a mycorrhizal fungus, it is rather poorly maintained in culture. Information about its toxic properties is controversial. Until the mid-20th century, the species was considered as an edible fungus; however, data later accumulated regarding its poisonous properties, leading to the term "Paxillus syndromeP.

Profiles of Little-Known Medicinal Polypores: Funalia trogii (Agaricomycetes).

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively characterize little-known polypores that have recently been found to possess anticancer activity and thus can be used in targeted cancer therapy. Funalia trogii is a polypore with bipolar distribution and has been found by harvesters working in taiga forests, broadleaf forests, and forest-steppes of the Holarctic, and in semiarid temperate forests of the Southern Hemisphere. Substances such as gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and natural cytokinin were determined in culture media of F.

Profiles of Little-Known Medicinal Polypores: Earliella scabrosa (Agaricomycetes).

The purpose of this study was to comprehensively characterize a little-known polypore that has recently been found to possess anticancer activity and thus can also be used in targeted cancer therapy. Earliella scabrosa is a polypore with pantropical distribution and can be found in rainforests in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. Some reports have described its antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging ability.

What Is Ganoderma lucidum in the Molecular Era?

The scientific name Ganoderma lucidum has long been used in the global medicinal mushroom market, and many publications have proven its pharmacological properties and chemical components. Although several Ganoderma species have been described worldwide as having morphology considerably similar to that of G. lucidum s.

Enzymatic System of Antioxidant Protection of Erythrocytes in Diabetic Rats Treated with Medicinal Mushrooms Agaricus brasiliensis and Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes).

Excessive glucose concentrations in blood and cells promote the intensification of auto-oxidation. This is one of the mechanisms through which free radicals form in hyperglycemia. As a result of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress develops and lipid peroxidation (LPO) is enhanced.

Medicinal Mushrooms in Human Clinical Studies. Part I. Anticancer, Oncoimmunological, and Immunomodulatory Activities: A Review.

More than 130 medicinal functions are thought to be produced by medicinal mushrooms (MMs) and fungi, including antitumor, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, cardiovascular, antihypercholesterolemic, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antifungal, detoxification, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and other effects. Many, if not all, higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms contain biologically active compounds in fruit bodies, cultured mycelia, and cultured broth. Special attention has been paid to mushroom polysaccharides.

Effect of medicinal mushrooms on blood cells under conditions of diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third most common non-infectious disease leading to early disability and high mortality. Moreover, the number of patients is growing every year. The main symptom of DM is hyperglycemia.

Typification and Characterization of Trametes multicolor (Agaricomycetes), a Perspective Species of Medicinal Mushrooms.

Nomenclature revision and enlarged taxonomical descriptions are still needed for some well-known species whose interpretation is complicated by many nomenclature or taxonomical problems. The polyporoid fungus widely known as Trametes ochracea (= Coriolus zonatus) belongs to such a problematic group. At the same time, recent data show that this species, like its sister species T.