Researchers experience and views on participants' comprehension of informed consent in clinical trials in Malawi: a descriptive qualitative study.

Background: Informed consent is the cornerstone of research ethics. One of its goals is that participants enter research with an understanding of what their participation entails. This paper is a study on how researchers understand the informed consent process.

The Role of Pharmacogenomics Studies for Precision Medicine Among Ethiopian Patients and Their Clinical Implications: A Scoping Review.

Background: Pharmacogenomics research is currently revolutionizing treatment optimization by discovering molecular markers. Medicines are the cornerstone of treatment for both acute and chronic diseases. Pharmacogenomics associated treatment response varies from 20% to 95%, resulting in from lack of efficacy to serious toxicity.

Chloroquine has shown high therapeutic efficacy against uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria in southern Ethiopia: seven decades after its introduction.

Background: Plasmodium vivax malaria is a leading cause of morbidity in Ethiopia. The first-line treatment for P. vivax is chloroquine (CQ) and primaquine (PQ), but there have been local reports of CQ resistance.

A narrative review of the phenomenon of predatory journals to create awareness among researchers in veterinary medicine.

In recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of predatory journals has increased significantly. Predatory journals exploit the "open-access model" by engaging in deceptive practices such as charging high publication fees without providing the expected quality and performing insufficient or no peer review. Such behaviors undermine the integrity of scientific research and can result in researchers having trouble identifying reputable publication opportunities, particularly early-career researchers who struggle to understand and establish the correct criteria for publication in reputable journals.

Nanocellulose/FeO/Ag Nanozyme with Robust Peroxidase Activity for Enhanced Antibacterial and Wound Healing Applications.

Peroxidase memetic nanozymes with their free radical-mediated catalytic actions proved as efficacious antibacterial agents for combating bacterial resistance. Herein, nanocellulose (NC) extracted from straw was used to prepare NC/FeO/Ag peroxidase nanozyme as an antibacterial and wound healing agent. Characterization of the nanozyme with XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and XPS confirmed the presence of silver NPs and the magnetite phase of iron oxide dispersed on nanocellulose.

Efficacy and safety of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma mansoni infection among pre-school age children in southern Ethiopia.

Background: Preventive chemotherapy with a single dose of praziquantel given to an all-at-risk population through mass drug administration is the cornerstone intervention to control and eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem. This intervention mainly targets school age children, and pre-school age children (pre-SAC) are excluded from receiving preventive chemotherapy, partly due to scarcity of data on praziquantel treatment outcomes.

Methods: We conducted active efficacy and safety surveillance of praziquantel treatment among 240 Schistosoma mansoni-infected pre-SAC who received a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) in southern Ethiopia.

Prevalence and Determinants of Infection among Pre-School Age Children in Southern Ethiopia.

School-based deworming program is implemented to control and eliminate infection in many endemic countries, including Ethiopia. However, pre-school-age children (pre-SAC) are not targeted to receive preventive chemotherapy against infection, partly due to a lack of information on the disease burden. We assessed the prevalence and correlates of infection among pre-SAC in Southern Ethiopia.

In vitro Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Methanol Extract of J.F. Mill Seeds and Its Solvent Fractions.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases, threatening lives of about 350 million people globally. seeds are used for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the traditional medicine in Ethiopia.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate seeds' anti-leishmanial activity in vitro.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Wound Healing Properties of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Hiern. (Asteraceae).

Background: The leaves of (Asteraceae) have traditionally been used to treat wounds in several regions of Ethiopia. The purpose of this study was to assess the wound healing properties of the leaf extract and solvent fractions of in mice. The leaf extract and solvent fractions of have also been evaluated for their anti-oxidant properties because of their impact on the wound healing process.

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Leaves of Hiern. (Asteraceae).

Background: The leaves of  has been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, and pain in various parts of Ethiopia. However, to our knowledge, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract and solvent fractions has never been experimentally studied.

Objective: To assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract and solvent fractions in rodent models.

Safety and therapeutic efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria at Shecha health centre, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.

Background: In 2004, Ethiopia adopted artemether-lumefantrine (AL, Coartem) as first-line treatment for the management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Continuous monitoring of AL therapeutic efficacy is crucial in Ethiopia, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of AL in the treatment of uncomplicated P.

Evaluation of Wound Healing and Antibacterial Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of J.F. Mill (Simaroubaceae).

Background: is a well-known medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to treat a variety of ailments, including wound healing. Supporting the traditional claims, wound healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of the crude extracts of different parts of the plant were reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing and antibacterial activities of solvent fractions of the menthol leaf extract of .

Antitrypanosomal Effect of Hydromethanolic Extract of Lam on Field Isolates of Trypanosoma congolense Infected Mice.

Introduction: Trypanosomiasis is one of the world's most serious infectious diseases caused by Trypanosoma parasites. Concern about resistance to conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, mosquito vector resistance to existing insecticide side effects of existing antitrypanosomal drugs justifies the urgent need for more effective, tolerable, and affordable drugs.

Objective: The present study is aimed at determining the antitrypanosomal effect of the hydromethanolic extracts of fruit extracts against the field isolates of .

In vitro growth inhibitory activity of Medicines for Malaria Venture pathogen box compounds against Leishmania aethiopica.

Introduction: Leishmania aethiopica (L. aethiopica) is responsible for different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Treatment heavily depends on limited drugs, together with drawbacks like toxicity and microbial resistance.

Safety and efficacy of high-dose rifampicin in the management of tuberculosis meningitis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) practically affects any part of the body, but when the brain is involved, the consequences are devastating. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of drug-susceptible TB, with an estimation of more than 100,000 new cases occurring every year and a high mortality rate globally. The treatment strategy is based on pulmonary TB (PTB) management regimens which consider rifampicin as the backbone.

and Antitrypanosomal Activities of Methanol Extract of Roots.

Microbial resistance to the few conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides, lack of effective vaccines, and adverse effects of the existing antitrypanosomal drugs justify the urgent need for effective, tolerable, and affordable drugs. We assessed antitrypanosomal effects of the hydromethanolic extract of Mesfin roots against field isolate using and techniques. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, and rectal temperature in Swiss albino mice were assessed.

Molecular and Immunological Diagnostic Techniques of Medical Viruses.

Viral infections are causing serious problems in human population worldwide. The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a perfect example how viral infection could pose a great threat to global public health and economic sectors. Therefore, the first step in combating viral pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis.

N-Acetyl Cysteine as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.

Oxidative stress is a common feature of tuberculosis (TB), and persons with reduced antioxidants are at more risk of TB. TB patients with relatively severe oxidative stress had also more advanced disease as measured by the Karnofsky performance index. Since adverse effects from anti-TB drugs are also mediated by free radicals, TB patients are prone to side effects, such as hearing loss.

Growth Inhibitors from Pathogen Box Compounds of Medicine for Malaria Venture.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a collective term used to describe various pathological conditions caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan of the genus . It is one of the neglected diseases and has been given minimal attention by drug discovery and development stakeholders to narrow the safety and efficacy gaps of the drugs currently used to treat leishmaniasis. The challenge is further exacerbated by the emergence of drug resistance by the parasites.

Acute and Subacute Toxicity of Methanol Extract of Leaves on the Histology of the Liver and Kidney and Biochemical Compositions of Blood in Rats.

Plant medicine is the oldest form of health care known to mankind. is one of the many species of Ethiopian medicinal plants which has a long history of use as remedies for various ailments such as dysentery, diarrhea, and hypertension. In many countries, herbal medicines and related products are introduced into the market without safety or toxicological evaluation.

Schistosoma mansoni infection among preschool age children attending Erer Health Center, Ethiopia and the response rate to praziquantel.

Objective: Preschool age children (PSAC) are excluded from community based praziquantel treatment programs mainly due to paucity of evidence on the magnitude of schistosomiasis, efficacy and safety of this treatment in PSAC. The aim of this study is to assess Schistosoma mansoni infection rate and evaluate response to praziquantel in PSAC. A facility based longitudinal study was employed from April to June 2016 at Erer Health Center, Eastern Ethiopia.

Investigating Potential Modes of Actions of Fruit Extract and Solvent Fractions for Their Antidiarrheal Activities in Mice.

Background: Fruits of A. DC. (Sapotaceae) are traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhea.

In vitro and ex vivo activity of an Azadirachta indica A.Juss. seed kernel extract on early sporogonic development of Plasmodium in comparison with azadirachtin A, its most abundant constituent.

Background: NeemAzal (NA) is a quantified extract from seed kernels of neem, Azadirachta indica A.Juss. (Meliaceae), with a wide spectrum of biological properties, classically ascribed to its limonoid content.

Tafenoquine and its potential in the treatment and relapse prevention of Plasmodium vivax malaria: the evidence to date.

Despite declining global malaria incidence, the disease continues to be a threat to people living in endemic regions. In 2015, an estimated 214 million new malaria cases and 438,000 deaths due to malaria were recorded. Plasmodium vivax is the second most common cause of malaria next to Plasmodium falciparum.

The Effect of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in TB/HIV-Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The importance of early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV-coinfected patients is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of early initiation of ART (within 2-4 weeks of TB treatment) on several treatment outcomes among TB/HIV-coinfected patients.

Method: A systematic search of clinical trials was performed in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Medscape, and the Cochrane library.