Utilization of preconception care and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in private MCH Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Despite its benefit in promoting maternal health and the health of her developing fetus, little is known about preconception care practice and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Moreover, preconception care utilization in private hospitals is not known. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to determine the utilization of preconception health care services and its associated factors among pregnant women following antenatal care in the private Maternal and Child Health hospitals in Addis Ababa.

Histopathological Changes of Placenta Associated with Maternal Anaemia in Northeast Ethiopia: A Comparative Study.

Background: Anaemia during pregnancy affects about half of all pregnant mothers in developing countries; it is the major causes of indirect maternal mortality. Anaemia can directly cause poor growth of fetus in utero due to inadequate oxygen flow to the placental tissue or it is indirect indicator of maternal nutritional deficiency. Mal-development of placenta is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and an important factor of fetal growth retardation.

The health system cost of postabortion care in Ethiopia.

To address the knowledge gap that exists in costing unsafe abortion in Ethiopia, estimates were derived of the cost to the health system of providing postabortion care (PAC), based on research conducted in 2008. Fourteen public and private health facilities were selected, representing 3 levels of health care. Cost information on drugs, supplies, material, personnel time, and out-of-pocket expenses was collected using an ingredients approach.

Slower clearance of nevirapine resistant virus in infants failing extended nevirapine prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission.

Nevirapine resistance mutations arise commonly following single or extended-dose nevirapine (ED-NVP) prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but decay within 6-12 months of single-dose exposure. Use of ED-NVP prophylaxis in infants is expected to rise, but data on decay of nevirapine resistance mutations in infants in whom ED-NVP failed remain limited. We assessed, in Ethiopian infants participating in the Six-Week Extended Nevirapine (SWEN) Trial, the prevalence and persistence of nevirapine resistance mutations at 6 and 12 months following single-dose or up to 6 weeks of ED-NVP, and correlated their presence with the timing of infection and the type of resistance mutations.

Use of magnesium sulfate in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa: a practice audit.

Background: Magnesium sulphate is shown to be the drug of choice in the management of severe pre-eclampsia-eclampsia for over two decades. However, the drug was introduced in practice in teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa recently. Hence, it is important to audit its use at this stage.

The estimated incidence of induced abortion in Ethiopia, 2008.

Context: Unsafe abortion is an important health problem in Ethiopia; however, no national quantitative study of abortion incidence exists. In 2005, the penal code was revised to broaden the indications under which induced abortion is legal. It is important to measure the incidence of legal and illegal induced abortion after the change in the law.

Caring for women with abortion complications in Ethiopia: national estimates and future implications.

Context: Ethiopia liberalized its abortion law in 2005, primarily to reduce the incidence of unsafe abortion. However, little is known about the current extent and consequences of unsafe abortion.

Methods: Data were collected in 2007-2008 on 1,932 women seeking postabortion care at a nationally representative sample of 344 public and private health facilities.

Cesarean scar endometriosis--a case report.

Scar endometriosis is a rare event which usually develops after pelvic operations involving the uterus and fallopian tubes. Its diagnosis can sometimes be difficult and may be confused with various other surgical conditions. We present here a case of abdominal wall scar endometriosis in a woman who has undergone cesarean delivery four years prior to her current presentation.

Sexual violence and use of contraception among women with unwanted pregnancy in an Ngo Clinic, Addis Ababa.

Background: Sexual violence is one of the most prevalent but underreported incidents. One among many consequences of sexual violence is unwanted pregnancy.

Objectives: To describe events related to and factors associated with sexual violence among women with unwanted pregnancy and describe knowledge and use of contraception among these women with unwanted pregnancy.

Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials.

Background: UNICEF/WHO recommends that infants born to HIV-infected mothers who do not have access to acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe replacement feeding should be exclusively breastfed for at least 6 months. The aim of three trials in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda was to assess whether daily nevirapine given to breastfed infants through 6 weeks of age can decrease HIV transmission via breastfeeding.

Methods: HIV-infected women breastfeeding their infants were eligible for participation.

Admissions in second stage of labor in two teaching hospitals: obstetric outcomes and determining factors.

Introduction: Unmonitored labor and the second stage of labor are generally considered to be associated with increased maternal and neonatal complications. Study of admissions in the second stage of labor is important to understand the situation.

Objective: assess determinant factors and compare obstetric outcome of women admitted in second stage of labor with women admitted in the active phase of first stage of labor.