Design, dynamic docking, synthesis, and validation of a novel DNA gyrase B inhibitor.

Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate-resistant (VRSA) are among the WHO's high priority pathogens. Among these two, MRSA is the most globally documented pathogen that necessitates the pressing demand for new classes of anti-MRSA drugs. Bacterial gyrase targeted therapeutics are unique strategies to overcome cross-resistance as they are present only in bacteria and absent in higher eukaryotes.

Hidden agenda of lifestyle transition: planktonic to sessile state.

, a human gastrointestinal tract commensal, is known to cause nosocomial infections. Interestingly, the pathogen's host colonization and persistent infections are possibly linked to its lifestyle changes from planktonic to sessile state. Also, the multidrug resistance and survival fitness acquired in the sessile stage of has challenged treatment regimes.

Dementia prevention: The potential long-term cost-effectiveness of the FINGER prevention program.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) program.

Methods: A life-time Markov model with societal perspective, simulating a cohort of people at risk of dementia reflecting usual care and the FINGER program.

Results: Costs were 1,653,275 and 1,635,346 SEK and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were 8.

Landscape analysis of NTD diagnostics and considerations on the development of a strategy for regulatory pathways.

Access to quality-assured, accurate diagnostics is critical to ensure that the 2021-2030 neglected tropical disease (NTD) road map targets can be achieved. Currently, however, there is limited regulatory oversight and few quality assurance mechanisms for NTD diagnostic tools. In attempting to address such challenges and the changing environment in regulatory requirements for diagnostics, a landscape analysis was conducted, to better understand the availability of NTD diagnostics and inform future regulatory frameworks.

Neurostimulation for dry eye disease.

Purpose Of Review: To review the neuroanatomy and physiology of the basal and reflex tearing and present the available and developing therapies using the concept of neurostimulation in dry eye disease (DED).

Recent Findings: The most prevalent current DED treatments seek to supplement low tear volume and tear components or reduce inflammation. Neurostimulation is a unique approach gaining momentum in recent years, geared toward increasing the production of all basal tear components by stimulating the nerves responsible for producing the various tear components.

Radiofrequency Ablation versus Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Awaiting Liver Transplant: An Analysis of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients.

Purpose: To evaluate differences in waitlist mortality and dropout in liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who undergo radiofrequency (RF) ablation versus transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Material And Methods: From 2004 to 2013, 11,824 patients with HCC in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients who underwent RF ablation or TACE were included and followed until December 31, 2019, or 5 years, whichever came first, and were stratified by the Milan criteria. Competing risk and Cox regression analyses to compare waitlist mortality and dropout were performed using adjusted hazard ratios (asHRs, with RF ablation group as reference).

Hand hygiene practices in Caribbean and Latin American countries: An integrative review.

Aim And Objective: To explore what is known about knowledge, attitudes and beliefs that influence hand hygiene practices in in low- and middle-income Caribbean and Latin American countries.

Background: With the emergence of infectious diseases such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic, handwashing is key to preventing communicable diseases as they disproportionately affect populations in low-income countries. While hand hygiene is known to be the single most effective method for avoiding the transmission of infection, little is known about the beliefs and practices of individuals in these regions.

Confirming a Historical Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Challenges and Recommendations.

Patients with a historical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)-a patient presenting with a diagnosis of MS made previously and by a different clinician-present specific diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in clinical practice. Application of the McDonald criteria is most straightforward when applied contemporaneously with a syndrome typical of an MS attack or relapse; however, retrospective application of the criteria in some patients with a historical diagnosis of MS can be problematic. Limited patient recollection of symptoms and evolution of neurologic examination and MRI findings complicate confirmation of an earlier MS diagnosis and assessment of subsequent disease activity or clinical progression.

Evaluation of the efficacy of insecticide-treated scarves to protect children from the trachoma vector (Diptera: Muscidae): A phase II randomised controlled trial in Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background: The eye-seeking fly can act as a vector for ocular , causing trachoma, yet there has been very little research on control measures. We investigated whether insect repellent products, specifically insecticide-treated clothing, could provide personal protection to the user from eye-seeking flies.

Methods: We first conducted a series of phase I laboratory studies to inform our choice of field intervention.

Indigenous Land-Based Approaches to Well-Being: The (Beaver) Harvesting Program in Subarctic Ontario, Canada.

The act of decolonizing knowledge systems involves recovering and renewing traditional, non-commodified cultural patterns, such as the sustenance of intergenerational relationships and traditional practices. A decline in beaver harvesting, which was once an integral part of the Cree culture, has resulted in an overabundance of beavers and dams, which has negatively affected communities by increasing the local flooding events and impacting the water quality. The aim of the (beaver) program was to reconnect the Elders and youth to revitalize traditional on-the-land activities and, in the present case, beaver harvesting and associated activities within the community.

Trachoma.

Trachoma is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with conjunctival strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. It can result in blindness. Pathophysiologically, trachoma is a disease complex composed of two linked chronic processes: a recurrent, generally subclinical infectious-inflammatory disease that mostly affects children, and a non-communicable, cicatricial and, owing to trichiasis, eventually blinding disease that supervenes in some individuals later in life.

Implementing Triple P during the COVID-19 pandemic with families at risk for substance use.

Background: Many studies have examined the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), yet few have considered its effectiveness during the twin challenges of the opioid crisis and COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study examines the implementation of, and parenting outcomes associated with the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) in 13 counties in central Ohio.

Participants And Setting: The program was provided to parents who were at heightened risk for substance use.

Prevalence of Trachoma from 66 Impact Surveys in 52 Woredas of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' and Sidama Regions of Ethiopia, 2017-2019.

Purpose: Trachoma is endemic in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' (SNNP) and Sidama regions of Ethiopia. We aimed to measure the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1 - 9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system among people aged ≥15 years following interventions for trachoma in 52 woredas of SNNP and Sidama regions.

Methods: From 2017 - 2019, 66 two-stage cluster sampling cross-sectional population-based surveys were carried out in 52 woredas (third-level administrative divisions) using a standardized World Health Organization-recommended survey methodology.

The Sit-to-Stand Transition as a Biomarker for Impairment: Comparison of Instrumented 30-Second Chair Stand Test and Daily Life Transitions in Multiple Sclerosis.

Falls and mobility deficits are common in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) across all levels of clinical disability. However, functional mobility observed in supervised settings may not reflect daily life which may impact assessments of fall risk and impairment in the clinic. To investigate this further, we compared the utility of sensor-based performance metrics from sit-stand transitions during daily life and a structured task to inform fall risk and impairment in PwMS.

A national survey integrating clinical, laboratory, and WASH data to determine the typology of trachoma in Nauru.

Background: The epidemiology of trachoma in several Pacific Islands differs from other endemic settings, in that there is a high prevalence of clinical signs of trachoma, particularly trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF), but few cases of trichiasis and limited evidence of ocular chlamydial infection. This so-called "Pacific enigma" has led to uncertainty regarding the appropriate public health response. In 2019 alongside Nauru's national trachoma population survey, we performed bacteriological and serological assessments of children to better understand the typology of trachoma and to determine whether there is a need for trachoma interventions.

Community-level trachoma ecological associations and the use of geospatial analysis methods: A systematic review.

Background: Trachoma is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem by 2030. Understanding individual, household, or community-associated factors that may lead to continued transmission or risk of recrudescence in areas where elimination has previously been achieved, is essential in reaching and maintaining trachoma elimination. We aimed to identify climatic, demographic, environmental, infrastructural, and socioeconomic factors associated in the literature with trachoma at community-level and assess the strength of their association with trachoma.

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis.

Prevalence of Trachoma following Implementation of the SAFE Strategy in Three Local Government Areas of Taraba State, North Eastern Nigeria.

Introduction: In 2019-2020, one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) was implemented for trachoma elimination purposes in Donga, Gashaka, and Ussa local government areas (LGAs) of Taraba State, Nigeria, following baseline surveys in 2009 (Donga and Gashaka) and 2013-2014 (Ussa). Here, trachoma prevalence post-MDA in these three LGAs is reported.

Methods: In 2019 (Gashaka and Ussa) and 2020 (Donga), population-based, cross-sectional surveys were conducted following World Health Organization (WHO) guidance.

Consistent Condom Utilization and its Associated Factors among Sexually Active Female Anti-Retro Viral Treatment Users in Finoteselam District Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018.

Consistent condom utilization is the key strategy to prevent new HIV strain transmissions among ART users. There are limited evidences on consistent condom utilization among women who are on ART in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among sexually active female ART users from June to August, 2018.