Perinatal palliative care in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations for practice, future research, and guideline development.

Worldwide, sub-Saharan Africa has the highest burden of global neonatal mortality (43%) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR): 27 deaths per 1,000 live births. The WHO recognizes palliative care (PC) as an integral, yet underutilized, component of perinatal care for pregnancies at risk of stillbirth or early neonatal death, and for neonates with severe prematurity, birth trauma or congenital anomalies. Despite bearing a disproportionate burden of neonatal mortality, many strategies to care for dying newborns and support their families employed in high-income countries (HICs) are not available in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).

Provider Perceptions on Bereavement Following Newborn Death: A Qualitative Study from Ethiopia and Ghana.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore how clinicians in low- and middle-income countries engage and support parents following newborn death.

Study Design: Qualitative interviews of 40 neonatal clinicians with diverse training were conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Kumasi, Ghana. Transcribed interviews were analyzed and coded through the constant comparative method.

Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases (MSMD) in a 13-Year-Old Ethiopian Girl with Autosomal Dominant Interferon Gamma Receptor 1(IFN- R1) Defect: A Clinical Diagnostic and Treatment Challenge.

Background: Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is an inborn error of immunity categorized as defects in intrinsic and innate immunity. MSMD is characterized by vulnerability to less virulent mycobacteria, such as Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strains, as well as environmental mycobacteria (EM). The definitive diagnosis is made by genetic analysis.

A Typical Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in a 10-yearold Girl with COVID-19: A Case Report from Ethiopia.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Corona Virus -2 (SARS-CoV2) has infected more than 500 million and has claimed the lives of more than 6.1 million people worldwide.

Case: We are presenting a 10-year-old girl who fulfilled the criteria of Multisystem inflammatory disease associated with COVID-19(MIS-C).

Perspectives on Resuscitation Decisions at the Margin of Viability among Specialist Newborn Care Providers in Ghana and Ethiopia: A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: In high income countries, guidelines exist recommending gestational age thresholds for offering and obligating neonatal resuscitation for extremely preterm infants. In low- and middle- income countries, this approach may be impractical due to limited/inconsistent resource availability and challenges in gestational dating. Scant literature exists on how clinicians in these settings conceptualize viability or make resuscitation decisions for premature infants.

A 1-year and 4-month-old child with mucopolysaccharidoses type II: A clinical case report from Ethiopia.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a class of lysosomal storage disorders resulting in progressive disease manifestations and are caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for enzymes needed to degrade glycosaminoglycans. While most of the seven MPSs are autosomal recessive disorders, MPS II, also known as Hunter syndrome, is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner and is the most common MPS. Here, we report a 1-year and 4-month-old boy who presented with delayed developmental milestones, back deformity, and left scrotal swelling noticed by parents at one year of age.

A First Report on Experience in Managing Infants with Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia: Case Reports and a Review of Evaluation and Treatment.

. Congenital toxoplasmosis is a major sequela of untreated primary maternal infection. With or without symptoms, untreated infections eventually lead to multiple neurologic complications.

Determining the Agreement Between an Automated Respiratory Rate Counter and a Reference Standard for Detecting Symptoms of Pneumonia in Children: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study in Ethiopia.

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), primarily pneumonia, are the leading infectious cause of under-5 mortality worldwide. Manually counting respiratory rate (RR) for 60 seconds using an ARI timer is commonly practiced by community health workers to detect fast breathing, an important sign of pneumonia. However, correctly counting breaths manually and classifying the RR is challenging, often leading to inappropriate treatment.

A First Case Report of DiGeorge Syndrome from Ethiopia Highlights Challenges in Identifying and Treating Children with Primary T-Cell Deficiencies in Low Resource Settings.

Background: Cellular primary immunodeficiencies are rarely reported from Africa. DiGeorge syndrome is a commonly recognized form of a congenital T-cell deficiency. The disorder is characterized by hypoplastic or aplastic thymus, hypocalcemia, recurrent infections, and other associated congenital defects.