H NMR-based metabolomics investigation on the biological effects of paralytic shellfish toxin in mussel Mytilus trossulus.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning is a global issue that would benefit from additional screening methods and rapid testing capacities. In this study, we applied H NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics to identify biomarkers of Paralytic Shellfish Toxin (PST) exposure. We characterized the metabolic phenotypes of field-collected Alaskan mussels Mytilus trossulus across a wide range of bioaccumulated PST levels, from 0 to 1590 μg/100 g.