L. Extracts and Other Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 in Central Eurasia: Available but Overlooked.

In Central Eurasia, the availability of drugs that are inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and have proven clinical efficacy is still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of drugs that were available in Kazakhstan during the acute phase of the epidemic against SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral activity is reported for Favipiravir, Tilorone, and Cridanimod, which are registered drugs used for the treatment of respiratory viral infections in Kazakhstan.

[Oxidative stress in women with insomnia in different stages of menopause].

Aim: To investigate of a lipid peroxidation (LPO) process and the antioxidant defense system (ADS) in peri- and postmenopausal women with insomnia.

Subjects And Methods: 47 perimenopausal women and 71 postmenopausal ones were examined. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: 1) individuals with insomnia and 2) controls.

Antioxidant status in peri- and postmenopausal women.

Menopause is a risk factor for oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to assess antioxidant system parameters (α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant activity) in peri- and postmenopausal women. The antioxidant defense activity by estimation of total antioxidant activity, α-tocopherol, retinol, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels was studied in women of reproductive age (n=37), in perimenopausal (n=41) and postmenopausal women (n=41).

[Evaluation of lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection in perimenopausal women with sleep disorders].

Objective: Our aim was to assess lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection with the definition of the oxidative stress coefficient in perimenopausal women with sleep disorders.

Methods: 45 perimenopausal women (mean age 49.1±0.

Pathogenic role of melatonin in sleep disorders in menopausal women.

The data on circadian rhythms of melatonin secretion in women of perimenopausal (n=39) and postmenopausal (n=52) age are presented. Each group was divided into control (without sleep disorders) and main group (with sleep disorders). The saliva was collected 4 times a day (6.

Production of IFN-β during Listeria monocytogenes infection is restricted to monocyte/macrophage lineage.

The family of type I interferons (IFN), which consists of several IFN-α and one IFN-β, are produced not only after stimulation by viruses, but also after infection with non-viral pathogens. In the course of bacterial infections, these cytokines could be beneficial or detrimental. IFN-β is the primary member of type I IFN that initiates a cascade of IFN-α production.

[Morphofunctional changes in animal skin during combined administration of zinc sulfate and vitamin A].

Morphological and histochemical skin properties were studied in male rats in single and successive peroral injections of Zinc sulphate and vitamin A. Long term (25 d) peroral administration of vitamin A 2 mg/100 g in dose was shown to cause hypozincaemia. Zinc sulphate and vitamin A are capable of influencing proliferation and protein metabolism of epidermal cells and number of lymphocytes and mast cells in dermis.

[Isolation and properties of fish chymopsin].

A simple and convenient method of fish chymopsin isolation from the acetone powder of pyloric appendices has ben developed using classical methods. The enzyme preparation includes 62-65% of protein, the specific weight of trypsin and chymopsin being 1000 and 3000 units per 1 mg of protein, respectively. Heterogeneity of the isolated chymopsin was shown using electrophoresis in PAAG.

[The amino acid composition of the antigenic structures of the human heart conduction system].

Amino acid composition of proteins from antigen preparations of the human heart conduction system has been studied. Differences in amino acid composition and relative affinity of the structure of two groups were found: between the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, the His bundle and contractile myocardium.

[Collagen from human joint cartilage in deforming arthritis].

Type II collagen of human cartilage has been comparatively studied in norm and at deforming arthrosis. Collagen preparations are characterized by aminoacid composition and electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel. It is supposed that at deforming arthrosis the degenerative-dystrophic processes in the articular cartilage of man are caused by appearance of procollagen.

[Structural-functional changes in plasma lipoproteins during vitamin D-deficient rickets in children].

The lipid composition and structure of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) have been studied in children with the vitamin D-deficient rachitis. An increase of the cholesterol content in the atherogenic LDL against a background of its decrease in the antiatherogenic HDL has been revealed, that is analogous to the observed changes under the atherosclerosis development in adults. Due to the studies in the amino acidic composition and determination of the nature and quantity of the charged groups of lipoprotein particles accessible for titration definite, certain disturbance in the structure of lipoproteins are observed as such that may cause disturbances in their functional activity.

[Correction with formate of metabolic disorders in alcoholic intoxication].

Formate was studied for its effect on the content of acetaldehyde, activity of the total aldehyde dehydrogenase, content of substrates of glycolysis and tricarbonic-cycle and pool of free amino acids of rat tissues during alcohol intoxication. The introduction of formate during the acute alcohol intoxication lowers the acetaldehyde content in the blood; the ethanol load being prolonged--it increases the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and normalizes the content of pyruvate, glutamate and malate in the liver and glutamate and oxaloacetate in the brain, that evidences for the correction of metabolic disturbances in the organism.

[Reaction of glycine with acetoacetate and various properties of the catalyzing enzyme from the rat liver].

The enzymic interaction between acetoacetate and glycine which are added outside is established to occur in the tissue homogenates of the liver, kidneys and spleen of rats. The interaction leads to a decrease of the both components in the equivalent quantities. Homogeneous crystalline preparations of the enzyme catalyzing the above mentioned reaction are isolated from the liver tissues and purified.

[Structural properties and lipid-binding characteristics of plasma fibrinogen and gamma-globulins in vitamin D-deficient rickets].

Structure properties and lipid-binding ability of fibrinogen and gamma-globulins were studied in blood plasma of children with rickets. Content of cholesterol and its esters, developing complexes with fibrinogen, was found to increase simultaneously with a decrease in the phospholipids, containing in the protein fraction, under conditions of the disease. Surface charge of the proteins studied, especially of fibrinogen, was altered, thus demonstrating the distinct impairments of their structure and functions.

[Structural characteristics of integral protein-3 of rat erythrocyte membranes in hypovitaminosis D].

The amino acid composition, lipid-binding ability, the values of pK and binding capacity of negatively charged sites of the integral protein-3 from erythrocyte membranes are determined for rats in norm and under conditions of D-hypovitaminosis. Protein-3 binding of phosphatidyl choline and sphingomyelin considerably decreases, while that of cholesterol and lanosterol increases with the unchanged amino acid composition under conditions of D-hypovitaminosis. This leads to the enhancement of the protein electro-negativity as its carboxylic groups and histidine imidazole become more accessible for titration.

[Effect of carbostimulin on the concentration of tricarboxylic cycle metabolites, oxidative processes and antibody biosynthesis in the rat].

Carbostimulin is studied for the effect it exerts on indices of the acid-base equilibrium of blood, content of certain tricarboxylic-cycle metabolites and free amino acids and formation of antibodies in rats. It is established that carbostimulin feeding increases the total carbon dioxide, pyruvate and lactate concentration in blood, the content of ammonium, glutamine and certain free amino acids being decreased. Oxidation processes in the liver mitochondria and biosynthesis of antibodies in experimental animals are shown to be more intensive than in the control ones.

[Changes in the biosynthesis of acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats with amino acid imbalances in their diets].

The feeding of excessive leucine and phenylalanine doses to rats against a background of protein deficiency is shown to cause changes in the liver tRNA aminoacylation as well as in the synthesis of acid-soluble skin collagen differing from the normal level in the amino acid composition, elution profiles and content of disulphide groups.

[Possible ways of correcting disorders of the amino acid content of the blood serum and gastric mucosa during treatment of peptic ulcer].

Investigations made by the authors permit the conclusion that in order to correct the disturbed amino acid content of the gastric mucosa and blood serum, mirroring the trends in the catabolic processes occurring in the body and disorder of liver amino acid-forming function, it is necessary to include the drugs eliminating the causes of the disorders (e. g. neurogenic dystrophy), stimulants of protein synthesis and amino acid preparations as structural material for proteins into the complex of treatment measures.

[Disorders of amino acid pool in the blood and gastric mucosa in patients with peptic ulcer].

It has been demonstrated that peptic ulcer patients manifest hypo- and dysaminoacidemia and a dramatic increase in the amino acid pool of the gastric mucosa which are accounted for by neurogenic dystrophy leading to catabolic orientation of the processes not only in the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal zone but also in other organs with a high level of protein synthesis, particularly in the liver. Based on the coefficients that determine amino acid transformation in the liver and analysis of the blood serum content of replaceable amino acids, peptic ulcer patients were discovered to have marked impairment of the amino acid-forming function of the liver.

[Effect of tryptophan excess in a diet on amino acid composition of skin collagen and on an initial stage of protein biosynthesis in rat liver].

Protein deficiency and tryptophane load against its background lead to the acid-soluble collagen synthesis in the rat skin. The amino acid composition of the collagen differs from the norm. This is accompanied by changes in the free amino acid pool of blood serum and liver, under tryptophane load the free amino acids pool of the liver increasing twice as high.

[Acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats who received a tryptophan load and were kept on a protein-free diet].

Crystalline preparations of acid-soluble collagen of rat skin in norm and with tryptophan load against a background of the protein-free diet were fractionated by differential salting out using NaCl in concentrations corresponding to precipitation zones of collagen 1,3 and 4. Amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel, profiles of elution from CM-cellulose, content of the carbohydrate component and--S--S-bonds were studied in proteins of the mentioned fractions and in the precipitate insoluble after the pepsin action. Essential differences as compared to the normal level in the amino acid composition and elution profiles were detected in the fraction corresponding to collagen I.

[Amino acid composition of preparations acid-soluble skin collagen and free amino acids in rat serum under loading with valine and methionine].

The valine and methionine loading against a background of protein-free diet evokes interrelated changes in amino acid composition of acid-soluble skin collagen preparations and free amino acids pool of blood serum in rats. The isolated collagen preparations also differ essentially from the normal preparations in the content of disulphide groups and elution profiles.