Reliability and validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Several tests are available to assess the different components of physical fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility. However, the reliability and validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders has not been meta-analyzed.

Aims: To examine the reliability, concurrent, and convergent validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders.

The need for holistic, longitudinal and comparable, real-time assessment of the emotional, behavioral and societal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across nations.

As of the end of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 82 million verified infections and almost 1.8 million COVID-19-related deaths worldwide,1 resulting to an unprecedented public health response around the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with the applied multi-level restrictive measures, has generated a unique combination of an unpredictable and stressful biomedical and socioeconomic environment (i.

Risk and protective factors for cannabis, cocaine, and opioid use disorders: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies.

Several meta-analyses of observational studies have addressed the association between risk and protective factors and cannabis/cocaine/opioid use disorders, but results are conflicting. No umbrella review has ever graded the credibility of this evidence (not significant/weak/suggestive/highly suggestive/convincing). We searched Pubmed-MEDLINE/PsycInfo, last search September 21, 2020.

Empirical assessment of biases in cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: an umbrella review and re-analysis of data from meta-analyses.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of years lived with disability in older age, and several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers have been proposed in individual meta-analyses to be associated with AD but field-wide evaluation and scrutiny of the literature is not available.

Materials And Methods: We performed an umbrella review for the reported associations between CSF biomarkers and AD. Data from available meta-analyses were reanalyzed using both random and fixed effects models.

Exercise addiction in athletes: Comparing two assessment instruments and willingness to stop exercise after medical advice.

Exercise is overwhelmingly beneficial for physical and mental health, but for some people exercise addiction (EA) can develop and negatively impact an individual. This study sought to (a) compare the latent structure of two instruments assessing EA and (b) examine differences in attitudes toward stopping exercise, if required to on medical grounds, among exercise-addicted and non-addicted athletes. In a cross-sectional study, 1,011 athletes competing at different levels completed an anonymous on-line survey.

Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for the treatment of adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: No consistent first-option psychological interventions for adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa emerges from guidelines. We aimed to compare stand-alone psychological interventions for adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa with a specific focus on body-mass index, eating disorder symptoms, and all-cause dropout rate.

Methods: In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we assessed randomised controlled trials about stand-alone pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatments of adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa, defined according to standardised criteria, with data for at least two timepoints relating to either body-mass index or global eating disorder psychopathology.

Stigma and attitudes towards restrictive practices in psychiatry among psychology students: a network and path analysis study in an Italian sample.

: People suffering from mental disorders are affected by public stigma in many areas of daily life, including mental health services. Stigma among mental health professionals needs to be addressed.: This study explores the path leading to attitudes toward seclusion and restraint practices among future mental health professionals, considering the complex interplay among demographic variables, personality, stigma, and experience in psychiatric services.

Factors influencing lithium versus valproate prescription preference in the maintenance treatment of bipolar patients: a report from the Italian Early Career Psychiatrists (SOPSI-GG).

Background: Objective of the present manuscript is to investigate, among Italian early career psychiatrists (ECPs), prescriber and patient-related factors associated with lithium or valproate preference to treat patients affected by Bipolar Disorder (BD).

Methods: An on-line survey was carried out among 252 ECPs, investigating their prescription patterns in relation to lithium and the differences with prescription of valproate. Collected data were compared according to lithium or valproate prescription preference in the long-term treatment of BD by tests for qualitative variables.

Interventions for reducing loneliness: An umbrella review of intervention studies.

Loneliness is a common phenomenon associated with several negative health outcomes. Current knowledge regarding interventions for reducing loneliness in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is conflicting. The aim of the present work is to provide an overview of interventions to reduce loneliness, using an umbrella review of previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Risk and protective factors for alcohol and tobacco related disorders: An umbrella review of observational studies.

The credibility of evidence of various environmental risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use disorders (AUD/TUD) needs to be graded to identify groups to target with selective prevention. A systematic umbrella review was conducted (PubMed/PsycINFO), grading credibility of meta-analyses of prospective/retrospective observational cohort studies assessing risk/protective factors for AUD/TUD, applying established quantitative criteria. Sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Changes in telepsychiatry regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic: 17 countries and regions' approaches to an evolving healthcare landscape.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of telemedicine as a way to reduce COVID-19 infections was noted and consequently deregulated. However, the degree of telemedicine regulation varies from country to country, which may alter the widespread use of telemedicine. This study aimed to clarify the telepsychiatry regulations for each collaborating country/region before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The prevalence, odds and predictors of lifespan comorbid eating disorder among people with a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorders, and vice-versa: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There are scarce and discrepant data about the prevalence and correlates of co-occurring eating disorders (EDs) among people with a primary diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), and vice-versa, compelling a systematic review and meta-analysis on the matter.

Methods: MEDLINE/PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for original studies documenting BD⇌ED comorbidity across the lifespan, from inception up until April 20, 2020. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted, accounting for multiple moderators.

Interventions to facilitate return to work in adults with chronic non-malignant pain: a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Work absenteeism due to chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) is a major societal and individual cause of concern that requires effective treatments.

Objective: We present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aiming to compare available interventions for return to work (RTW) in adults with CNMP.

Methods And Analysis: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases will be searched till 31 August 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining interventions for RTW outcomes among patients with CNMP.

Hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa at different stages of the disorder.

Introduction: Hippocampus is involved in a range of cognitive and behavioural processes, and its volume has been found to be reduced in different psychiatric disorders. The present study aims at exploring hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa (AN) at different stages of the disorder (a few months after onset, more than 1 year after onset and after recovery).

Methods: Two samples were included in the present study.

Multiple lifestyle factors and depressed mood: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank (N = 84,860).

Background: There is now evolving data exploring the relationship between depression and various individual lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, alcohol intake, and tobacco smoking. While this data is compelling, there is a paucity of longitudinal research examining how multiple lifestyle factors relate to depressed mood, and how these relations may differ in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and those without a depressive disorder, as 'healthy controls' (HC).

Methods: To this end, we assessed the relationships between 6 key lifestyle factors (measured via self-report) and depressed mood (measured via a relevant item from the Patient Health Questionnaire) in individuals with a history of or current MDD and healthy controls (HCs).

Universal and selective interventions to promote good mental health in young people: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Promotion of good mental health in young people is important. Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and magnitude of the efficacy of universal/selective interventions to promote good mental health. A systematic PRISMA/RIGHT-compliant meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42018088708) search of Web of Science until 04/31/2019 identified original studies comparing the efficacy of universal/selective interventions for good mental health vs a control group, in samples with a mean age <35 years.

Clinical correlates of seasonality in bipolar disorder: A specifier that needs specification?

Objective: Seasonal pattern (SP) is a bipolar disorder (BD) specifier that indicates a tendency towards affective relapses during specific moments of the year. SP affects 15%-25% of BD patients. In the past, SP was applied only to depressive relapses while, in DSM-5, SP may be applied to both depressive and (hypo)manic episodes.

Appraising the effectiveness of electrical and magnetic brain stimulation techniques in acute major depressive episodes: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Electrical and magnetic brain stimulation techniques present distinct mechanisms and efficacy in the acute treatment of depression. This was an umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of brain stimulation techniques for managing acute major depressive episodes. A systematic review was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE databases from inception until March 2020.

Aripiprazole monotherapy as transdiagnostic intervention for the treatment of mental disorders: An umbrella review according to TRANSD criteria.

Aripiprazole is approved in different countries as treatment for several mental disorders, but its transdiagnostic potential has not yet been assessed according to established criteria such as the recently proposed TRANSD criteria. The present work aims to test whether aripiprazole monotherapy could be considered a transdiagnostic intervention. An umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of aripiprazole monotherapy vs placebo was conducted for any disorder defined according to standard diagnostic criteria.

Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD: an umbrella review.

Background: Many potential environmental risk factors, environmental protective factors, and peripheral biomarkers for ADHD have been investigated, but the consistency and magnitude of their effects are unclear. We aimed to systematically appraise the published evidence of association between potential risk factors, protective factors, or peripheral biomarkers, and ADHD.

Methods: In this umbrella review of meta-analyses, we searched PubMed including MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from database inception to Oct 31, 2019, and screened the references of relevant articles.

Emergency department and early detection of adolescents and young adults at risk of developing mental disorders: an exploratory study.

The objective of this study is to assess the potential role of Emergency Department (ED) for early detection of mental disorders. Two cohorts (6,759 subjects aged 14 to 24 accessing ED, 165 subjects with mental disorders) were matched by ID and merged. Primary outcome was the proportion of individuals accessing ED before receiving a diagnosis of mental disorder in Mental Health Service (MHS).

Longitudinal Course of Depressive, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms After Heart Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of 94 Studies.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal course of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in patients with cardiac disease after heart surgery (HS).

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of cohort studies in patients undergoing HS, measuring anxiety, depressive, and PTSD symptoms before and at least 30 days thereafter. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses, investigation of publication bias, and quality assessment were undertaken.