Bacterial ring rot of potato caused by Clavibacter sepedonicus: A successful example of defeating the enemy under international regulations.

Background: Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) caused by the gram-positive coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus is an important quarantine disease threatening the potato industry around the globe. Since its original description in 1906 in Germany, management of ring rot has been a major problem due to the seedborne nature (via seed tubers not true seeds) of the pathogen allowing the bacterium to be transmitted long distances via infected tubers.

Disease Symptoms: On growing potato plants: interveinal chlorosis on leaflets leading to necrotic areas and systemic wilt.

The ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) in the potato and tobacco cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida, G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum.

The potato cyst nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis (PCN), and tobacco cyst nematode (TCN), G. tabacum, are the most important parasitic nematodes of potato and tobacco worldwide.

Descriptions of Clavibacter insidiosus sp. nov. and Clavibacter tessellarius sp. nov.

To complete the valid publication of the new species names resulting from reclassification of the genus Clavibacter, we here provide descriptions of Clavibacter insidiosus sp. nov. and Clavibacter tessellarius sp.

Re-classification of Clavibacter michiganensis subspecies on the basis of whole-genome and multi-locus sequence analyses.

Although the genus Clavibacter was originally proposed to accommodate all phytopathogenic coryneform bacteria containing B2γ diaminobutyrate in the peptidoglycan, reclassification of all but one species into other genera has resulted in the current monospecific status of the genus. The single species in the genus, Clavibacter michiganensis, has multiple subspecies, which are all highly host-specific plant pathogens. Whole genome analysis based on average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization as well as multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) of seven housekeeping genes support raising each of the C.

Dickeyafangzhongdai sp. nov., a plant-pathogenic bacterium isolated from pear trees (Pyrus pyrifolia).

Gram-stain-negative, pectinolytic bacteria were repeatedly isolated from pear trees displaying symptoms of bleeding canker in China. Three strains, JS5T, LN1 and QZH3, had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences that shared 99 % similarity to the type strain of Dickeya dadantii. Phylogenetic analysis of strains JS5T, LN1 and QZH3 with isolates representing all species of the genus Dickeya and related Pectobacterium species supported their affiliation to Dickeya.

Draft Genome Sequences of Ralstonia solanacearum Race 3 Biovar 2 Strains with Different Temperature Adaptations.

Ralstonia solanacearum race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) causes brown rot of potato in countries with temperate climates. Here, we report two draft genome sequences of R. solanacearum R3bv2 NCPPB909 and CFIA906 with different temperature adaptations.

Draft Genome Sequences for Canadian Isolates of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense with Weak Virulence on Potato.

Pectobacterium carotovurum subsp. brasiliense causes soft rot and blackleg diseases on potato. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three weakly virulent P.

Draft Genome Sequence of Pectobacterium wasabiae Strain CFIA1002.

Pectobacterium wasabiae, originally causing soft rot disease in horseradish in Japan, was recently found to cause blackleg-like symptoms on potato in the United States, Canada, and Europe. A draft genome sequence of a Canadian potato isolate of P. wasabiae CFIA1002 will enhance the characterization of its pathogenicity and host specificity features.

Phylogeny of the genus Synchytrium and the development of TaqMan PCR assay for sensitive detection of Synchytrium endobioticum in soil.

Potato wart, caused by the fungal pathogen Synchytrium endobioticum, is a serious disease with the potential to cause significant economic damage. The small subunit (SSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced for several Synchytrium spp., showing a high rate of variability for both of these markers among the different species and monophyly of the genus within phylum Chytridiomycota.

Pectobacterium aroidearum sp. nov., a soft rot pathogen with preference for monocotyledonous plants.

Several pectolytic bacterial strains, mainly isolated from monocotyledonous plants and previously identified as Pectobacterium carotovorum, were thought to belong to a novel species after several taxonomic analyses including DNA-DNA hybridization. In 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, these strains had a similarity of >97.9 % to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains representing six other pectobacterial species and subspecies.

New grower-friendly methods for plant pathogen monitoring.

Accurate plant disease diagnoses and rapid detection and identification of plant pathogens are of utmost importance for controlling plant diseases and mitigating the economic losses they incur. Technological advances have increasingly simplified the tools available for the identification of pathogens to the extent that, in some cases, this can be done directly by growers and producers themselves. Commercially available immunoprinting kits and lateral flow devices (LFDs) for detection of selected plant pathogens are among the first tools of what can be considered grower-friendly pathogen monitoring methods.

An oligonucleotide array for the identification and differentiation of bacteria pathogenic on potato.

ABSTRACT Oligonucleotides, 16 to 24 bases long, were selected from the 3' end of the 16S gene and the 16S-23S intergenic spacer regions of bacteria pathogenic on potato, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, Ralstonia solanacearum, and the pectolytic erwinias, including Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and carotovora and E.

An Internal Reaction Control for Routine Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus Using a Real-Time TaqMan PCR-Based Assay.

An internal reaction control was integrated into a TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, the causal organism of bacterial ring rot of potato. The reaction control, cloned into plasmid pCmsC4, consisted of a sequence unrelated to C.

Comparison of several methods for the extraction of DNA from potatoes and potato-derived products.

Eight methods were compared for the extraction of DNA from raw potato tubers, and nine methods were evaluated for the extraction of DNA from dehydrated potato slices, potato flakes, potato flour, potato starch, and two ready-to-eat potato snack foods. Extracts were assessed for yield using a fluorescence-based DNA quantification assay. Real-time amplification of an endogenous gene, sucrose synthase (sus), was used to assess extract and template quality.

Method for the detection of synthetic cry3A in transgenic potatoes.

All transgenic cultivars of potatoes registered in Canada and the United States have been modified to express a synthetic cry3A gene as a means of conferring resistance against the Colorado potato beetle, an important economic pest of potatoes. A PCR method was developed to amplify a 499 bp region of the synthetic cry3A gene. Using this method, synthetic cry3A could be detected in six different transgenic cultivars.