Two years follow-up study of the pain-relieving effect of gold bead implantation in dogs with hip-joint arthritis.

Seventy-eight dogs with pain from hip dysplasia participated in a six-month placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial of gold bead implantation. In the present, non-blinded study, 73 of these dogs were followed for an additional 18 months to evaluate the long-term pain-relieving effect of gold bead implantation. The recently-published results of the six month period revealed that 30 of the 36 dogs (83%) in the gold implantation group showed significant improvement (p = 0.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the pain-relieving effects of the implantation of gold beads into dogs with hip dysplasia.

Seventy-eight dogs with pain due to hip dysplasia were studied in a controlled, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate gold bead implantation as a pain-relieving treatment. The dogs were randomly assigned to two groups, 36 in the gold implantation group and 42 in the placebo group. Both groups were treated equally regarding anaesthesia, hair clipping and penetration of the skin with the same type of needle.

Benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G in piglets: comparison of intramuscular and subcutaneous injection.

The disposition of penicillin G in piglets is described after intramuscular or subcutaneous injection of depot preparations. The piglets were injected with 33,000 IU/kg or 100,000 IU/kg benzathine + procaine penicillin G intramuscularly or subcutaneously, or 100,000 IU/kg procaine penicillin G intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Intramuscular injection of benzathine + procaine penicillin resulted in higher maximum concentrations in plasma (Cmax) than did subcutaneous injection.

The effects of medetomidine and its reversal with atipamezole on plasma glucose, cortisol and noradrenaline in cattle and sheep.

In the present study, we report the effect of medetomidine followed by atipamezole on plasma glucose, cortisol and noradrenaline in calves, cows and sheep. Eight calves, eight lactating dairy cows and eight adult female sheep were included in a crossover trial. The animals were injected i.

Effects of intravenous infusion of guaifenesin on electroencephalographic variables in pigs.

Objective: To investigate the sedative effects of guaifenesin in pigs by use of electroencephalography.

Animals: 10 Norwegian Landrace pigs (5 castrated males and 5 sexually intact females).

Procedure: Guaifenesin (150 mg/kg of body weight, IV) was administered during a 5-minute period.

A pharmacokinetic study including some relevant clinical effect of medetomidine and atipamezole in lactating dairy cows.

Medetomidine is the most potent and selective alpha2-agonist used in veterinary medicine and its effects can be antagonized by the alpha2-antagonist atipamezole. The pharmacokinetics of medetomidine and atipamezole were studied in a cross-over trial in eight lactating dairy cows. The animals were injected intravenously (i.

Pharmacokinetics of medetomidine and atipamezole in dairy calves: an agonist-antagonist interaction.

Medetomidine and atipamezole are licensed for use in dogs and cats in several countries and are highly selective and specific alpha2-adrenoceptor agents. The pharmacokinetics of the agonist medetomidine and the antagonist atipamezole were studied in a cross-over trial in eight dairy calves. The animals were injected intravenously (i.

Reversal of medetomidine-induced sedation in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) with atipamezole increases the medetomidine concentration in plasma.

The pharmacokinetics of two potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor agents that can be used for immobilization (medetomidine) and reversal (atipamezole) of the sedation in mammals, were studied in three reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter and again in summer. Medetomidine (60 micrograms/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.

Evaluation of the dorsal aorta cannulation technique for pharmacokinetic studies in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea water.

The antimicrobial drug flumequine was given intravascularly and orally to cannulated and non-cannulated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea water at 11 degrees C. The cannulated fish were divided into two groups, which were given flumequine (25 mg/kg) intravenously into the caudal vein (n = 8) and orally via a stomach tube down the oesophagus (n = 8). After a washout period of 2 days, the intravenously administered fish were given the drug orally, and the orally administered fish were given the drug intravenously.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from canine dermatitis.

In a retrospective study, 1538 strains of beta-haemolysin-producing Staphylococcus species isolated from dermatitis in dogs at three veterinary clinical microbiology laboratories in Norway during 1986-87 and 1993-94 were investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility. None of the strains was resistant to cloxacillin, cephalexin or the quinolones enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. More than 96% of the strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide, bacitracin and fucidic acid.

Xylazine-induced sedation in axis deer (Axis axis) and its reversal by atipamezole.

Eight free-ranging axis deer (Axis axis) were captured in drive nets and injected with xylazine (3.4 +/- 0.1 mg/kg; mean +/- SEM) intramuscularly using a hand-held syringe.

Chemical capture of free-ranging cattle: immobilization with xylazine or medetomidine, and reversal with atipamezole.

Twenty-nine free-ranging Norwegian cattle were captured with xylazine (n = 20) or medetomidine (n = 9) using a tranquilizing gun, and the time from darting to recumbency (induction time) was recorded. Twenty-eight animals were given atipamezole IV 15-100 min after darting, and the effects of the antagonist were evaluated. Blood samples (n = 19) for haematology and serum chemistry were collected within 10 min after immobilization was induced.

Reversal of xylazine-induced sedation in dairy calves with atipamezole: a field trial.

Dairy calves immobilized with xylazine (XYL) were given atipamezole-HCl (ATI) at different XYL:ATI dose ratios (w/w) for reversal and the antagonistic effect of xylazine was evaluated. Control animals received saline for comparison. Intramuscular administration of xylazine (0.

Prescribing of drugs for food-producing animals in Norway. Information about withdrawal times.

The prescribing of drugs for food-producing animals in Norway was investigated with special emphasis on written information given about withdrawal times. The study was designed as a cross-sectional prescription survey. Of 1518 prescriptions for food-producing animals, it was concluded that 1224 of the prescriptions were for drugs requiring withdrawal times for meat, milk or eggs.

Prescribing of veterinary and human preparations for animals in Norway. Was the preparation approved for the animal species for which it was prescribed?

The prescribing of drugs for use in veterinary medicine in Norway was investigated through a cross-sectional survey. Of the 8741 prescriptions issued for animals included in this study 22% were for drug use in veterinarians' practices. Drugs from all but one therapeutic group were prescribed for use in animals.

Immobilization of mink (Mustela vison) with medetomidine-ketamine and remobilization with atipamezole.

Four groups of mink were immobilized with medetomidine-HCl (MED) 0.1 mg/kg + ketamine (KET) 5 or 7.5 mg/kg at different ambient temperatures.

Multiresistant Shigella species from African AIDS patients: antibacterial resistance patterns and application of the E-test for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration.

The antibacterial resistance pattern and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 25 Shigella flexneri, 5 S. boydii, 8 S. sonnei, and 3 strains of S.

An evaluation of the information given on veterinary prescriptions in Norway. Compliance with the legal regulations.

Compliance with Norwegian legal regulations for veterinary prescriptions was investigated and evaluated. The study was designed as a cross-sectional prescription survey, and the prescriptions were recorded in Dbase III. Of the 6505 written and telephone prescriptions collected only about one in five fulfilled the legal requirements, namely, giving information about the animal species the drug was intended for, indication for the prescribed drug and directions for use.

Clinical use of dichlorvos (Nuvan) and trichlorfon (Neguvon) in the treatment of salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Compliance with the recommended treatment procedures.

Veterinarians representing one third of the Norwegian fish farms were asked about the clinical use of dichlorvos and trichlorfon by use of a questionnaire. A total of 45 veterinarians had experience in treatment of salmon lice with these organophosphates. Fourty-nine percent of the veterinarians reported that the fish farmers in their region solely used the recommended treatment equipment when delousing the fish, of these 1/4 always oxygenated the treatment solution.

Utilization of dichlorvos and trichlorfon in salmonid farming in Norway during 1981-1988.

The main objectives of this investigation were to quantify the use of dichlorvos and trichlorfon in the treatment of salmon lice infestations, to evaluate the prescribing of these drugs, and to estimate possible changes in the salmon lice problem by use of drug statistics. This study has shown that the use of trichlorfon increased from 4.9 tons in 1981 to 28.