Occupational Exposures, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Tomographic Findings in the Spanish Population.

Self-reported occupational exposure was previously associated with COPD in the Spanish population. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between occupational exposure to various chemical and biological agents, COPD, emphysema, and the bronchial wall area, which was determined by lung computed tomography (CT) in 226 individuals with COPD and 300 individuals without COPD. Lifetime occupational exposures were assessed using the ALOHA(+) job exposure matrix, and CT and spirometry were also performed.

Five-Repetition Sit-to-Stand Test as Predictor of Mortality in High Risk COPD Patients.

Objective: To determine if adding performance on the five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5-STS) to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) high-risk criteria, proposed by the Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC), affects mortality prognosis.

Methods: Observational study of COPD outpatients involved prospective follow-up for 5 years. Patients were classified based on 5-STS performance and risk criteria proposed by GesEPOC version 2021.

Association between occupational exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory symptoms in the Spanish population.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of occupational exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory symptoms in the general Spanish population.

Methods: This was a study nested in the Spanish EPISCAN II cross-sectional epidemiological study that included participants who had completed a structured questionnaire on their occupational history, a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, and forced spirometry. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and Student's t tests and adjusted models of multiple linear regression and logistic regression.

Impact of comorbidities in COPD clinical control criteria. The CLAVE study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexists with other chronic diseases, namely comorbidities. They negatively impact prognosis, exacerbations and quality of life in COPD patients. However, no studies have been performed to explore the impact of these comorbidities on COPD clinical control criteria.

Tobacco Patterns and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Results From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: There is still uncertainty about which aspects of cigarette smoking influence the risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to estimate the COPD risk as related to duration of use, intensity of use, lifetime tobacco consumption, age of smoking initiation and years of abstinence.

Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study based on data from the EPISCAN-II study (n=9092).

[Health-Related Quality of Life and Therapeutic Adherence to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)].

Introduction: The benefits of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are not achieved without therapeutic adherence (TA). The perception of benefit is one of the main predictors of adherence. However, it is unknown whether the impact of CPAP on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is related to TA.

[Chronic Bronchial Infection in Stable COPD].

Classically, the role of pulmonary infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has focused on periods of exacerbation. However, in a clinically stable situation, little attention has been paid to the role play by the presence of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms (especially when they are repeatedly isolated, which is known as chronic bronchial infection [CBI]) in the pathogenesis, prognosis and disease treatment. In recent years, however, some evidence has been published on the deleterious effect of CBI in COPD since it has been associated to greater local inflammation, greater disease severity, poorer health-related quality of life, greater number and severity of exacerbations and cardiovascular events, presence of bronchiectasis, rapid decline of lung function, and even higher mortality (especially related to infection).

Lack of Clinical Control in COPD Patients Depending on the Target and the Therapeutic Option.

Introduction: According to the Global Initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD), when a treatment is not achieving an appropriate response it should be switched taking into account the predominant treatable trait to target (dyspnea or exacerbations). The objective of the present study was to investigate the lack of clinical control according to the target and medication groups.

Materials And Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of the CLAVE study, an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study which evaluated the clinical control, and related-factors, in a cohort of 4801 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Impact of COPD Exacerbations and Burden of Disease in Spain: AVOIDEX Study.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, with a considerable consumption of healthcare resources (HRU). This study aims to obtain real world evidence regarding the consequences of COPD exacerbations and to provide updated data on the burden of this disease and its treatment.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective study in seven Spanish regions was conducted among COPD patients diagnosed between 1/01/2010 and 31/12/2017.

Variations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outpatient Care in Respiratory Clinics: Results From the 2021 EPOCONSUL Audit.

Introduction: The aim of our work has been to describe the results of the clinical audit carried out in 2021 and to compare the results with 2015 EPOCONSUL audit.

Methods: EPOCONSUL 2021 is a cross-sectional audit that evaluated the outpatient care provided to patients with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in respiratory clinics in Spain with prospective recruitment between April 15, 2021, and January 31, 2022.

Results: A total of 45 hospitals participated in the 2021 audit and 4.

Unravelling young COPD and pre-COPD in the general population.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly diagnosed when the airflow limitation is well established and symptomatic. We aimed to identify individuals at risk of developing COPD according to the concept of pre-COPD and compare their clinical characteristics with 1) those who have developed the disease at a young age, and 2) the overall population with and without COPD.

Methods: The EPISCAN II study is a cross-sectional, population-based study that aims to investigate the prevalence of COPD in Spain in subjects ≥40 years of age.

Prevalence of reduced lung diffusing capacity and CT scan findings in smokers without airflow limitation: a population-based study.

Background: Population distribution of reduced diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) in smokers and main consequences are not properly recognised. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of reduced DLCO in a population-based sample of current and former smoker subjects without airflow limitation and to describe its morphological, functional and clinical implications.

Methods: A sample of 405 subjects aged 40 years or older with postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FVC) >0.

Dissociation between physical capacity and daily physical activity in COPD patients. A population-based approach.

Badkground: Physical capacity (PC) and daily physical activity (PA) are two crucial factors in the clinical course of COPD, although they do not always maintain a close relationship. The objectives were to evaluate the frequency of PC-PA dissociation in patients with COPD and subjects without airflow limitation (AL) and to identify its risk factors.

Methods: A sample of 319 COPD patients and 399 subjects without AL was consecutively obtained from a population-based sample of 9092 subjects evaluated in the EPISCAN II study.

COPD Exacerbation Syndrome: The Spanish Perspective on an Old Dilemma.

The definition of exacerbation of COPD as a syndrome, as proposed by the Spanish COPD guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 update, and the consequences that this implies, have direct implications on patient care. This review analyzes this novel vision of the COPD exacerbation syndrome, its rationale, and its clinical implications, as opposed to the traditional symptoms-based or event-based definitions. An exacerbation conceived as a syndrome provides us with an umbrella term to include a set of diverse alterations, which, either in isolation or more frequently in combination, are clinically expressed in a similar way in patients with COPD.

Cost-Effectiveness of Once-Daily Single-Inhaler COPD Triple Therapy in Spain: IMPACT Trial.

Purpose: Given between-country differences in healthcare systems, treatment costs, and disease management guidelines, country-specific cost-effectiveness analyses are important. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of once-daily fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) versus FF/VI and UMEC/VI among patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at risk of exacerbations from a Spanish healthcare system perspective.

Patients And Methods: Baseline data and treatment effects from the IMPACT trial were populated into the validated GALAXY COPD progression model.

Trends of COPD in Spain: Changes Between Cross Sectional Surveys 1997, 2007 and 2017.

Introduction: We aim to describe the changes in prevalence and risk factors associated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Spain, comparing three population-based studies conducted in three timepoints.

Methods: We compared participants from IBERPOC conducted in 1997, EPISCAN conducted in 2007 and EPISCAN II in 2017. COPD was defined as a postbronchodilator FEV/FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity) ratio <0.

Discriminant Validity of a Single Clinical Question for the Screening of Inactivity in Individuals Living with COPD.

Introduction: Quantifying physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with questionnaires and activity monitors in clinical practice is challenging. The aim of the present study was to analyse the discriminant validity of a single clinical question for the screening of inactive individuals living with COPD.

Methods: A multicentre study was carried out in stable COPD individuals both in primary and tertiary care.

Respiratory symptoms and their determinants in the general Spanish population: changes over 20 years.

Background: Few large epidemiological studies have analysed the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and their determinants in the general adult population. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of respiratory symptoms and compared their prevalence with that of two previous studies conducted in 1999 and 2009.

Method: EPISCAN II was a multicentre, cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study in individuals older than 40 years.

Validation of the Spanish Activity Questionnaire in COPD (SAQ-COPD) in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Purpose: The Spanish Activity Questionnaire in COPD (SAQ-COPD) is a short, simple physical activity (PA) measurement instrument for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, we analyzed its validity and sensitivity to change.

Methods: Prospective scale validation study.

Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up.

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected more than 400 million people, with increasing numbers of survivors. These data indicate that a myriad of people may be affected by pulmonary sequelae of the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary sequelae in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia according to severity 1 year after hospital discharge.

[Translated article] Spanish COPD Guidelines (GesEPOC) 2021 Update. Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD Exacerbation Syndrome.

This article details the GesEPOC 2021 recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of COPD exacerbation syndrome (CES). The guidelines propose a definition-based syndromic approach, a new classification of severity, and the recognition of different treatable traits (TT), representing a new step toward personalized medicine. The evidence is evaluated using GRADE methodology, with the incorporation of 6 new PICO questions.