Detecting temporal and spatial malaria patterns from first antenatal care visits.

Pregnant women attending first antenatal care (ANC) visits represent a promising malaria surveillance target in Sub-Saharan Africa. Here we assessed the spatio-temporal relationship between malaria at ANC (n=6,471), in children at the community(n=9,362) and at health facilities (n=15,467) in southern Mozambique (2016-2019). ANC rates detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction mirrored rates in children, regardless of gravidity and HIV status (Pearson correlation coefficient [PCC]>0.

Trypanosoma brucei RRP44: a versatile enzyme for processing structured and non-structured RNA substrates.

Rrp44/Dis3 is a conserved eukaryotic ribonuclease that acts on processing and degradation of nearly all types of RNA. It contains an endo- (PIN) and an exonucleolytic (RNB) domain and, its depletion in model organisms supports its essential function for cell viability. In Trypanosoma brucei, depletion of Rrp44 (TbRRP44) blocks maturation of ribosomal RNA, leading to disruption of ribosome synthesis and inhibition of cell proliferation.

Atypical Presentation of Meckel's Diverticulum in a Hispanic Man: A Case Report.

The incidence of Meckel's diverticulum is 2% in the general population. Although most commonly found in children as painless rectal bleeding, in adults, obstruction, inflammation, and perforation are the usual manifestations. We present the case of a 32 year old man who arrived at our institution with hematochezia and symptomatic anemia.

The GABAergic septohippocampal connection is impaired in a mouse model of tauopathy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia nowadays, has been linked to alterations in the septohippocampal pathway (SHP), among other circuits in the brain. In fact, the GABAergic component of the SHP, which controls hippocampal rhythmic activity crucial for learning and memory, is altered in the J20 mouse model of AD-a model that mimics the amyloid pathology of this disease. However, AD is characterized by another pathophysiological hallmark: the hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein Tau.

Human microvascular endothelial cell prostaglandin E1 synthesis during in vitro ischemia-reperfusion.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a microvascular event documented in numerous in vivo animal models. In animal models, prostaglandin and prostaglandin analogues have been found to ameliorate reperfusion injury. These studies were undertaken to evaluate human microvascular endothelial PGE(1) synthesis during in vitro ischemia followed by reperfusion.

HIV transmission risks of females and males in paired partner relationships.

As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has evolved, heterosexual behaviors have come to be an increasingly important mode of transmission and rates of infection have increased faster among women generally and minority women in particular. Most of what we known about heterosexual risk taking is based on survey data collected from either women or men. These data have been useful for helping to understand different levels and types of risk taking by women and men.

Sensation seeking and hormones in men and women: exploring the link.

Risky behaviors (e.g., binge drinking, drunk driving, risky sex) are increasing among U.

Biosocial aspects of domestic violence.

Domestic violence, defined as acts of verbal abuse and physical violence performed against women by current intimate main partners, was surveyed by means of the Conflict Tactics Scale. We examined the relationships between a biological variable (testosterone level), social variables (demographics, social integration), and behaviour (substance use) and self-reported domestic violence. Forced-entry OLS regression models allowed us to study how social and behavioural variables modified the effects of testosterone on this specific violent behaviour.

Relationship dynamics, ethnicity and condom use among low-income women.

Context: Women's protection against HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) depends upon their ability to negotiate safer sex. It is important to know how cultural norms and gender roles, which vary by ethnicity, may either constrain or encourage negotiation of condom use.

Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 393 low-income non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women who were sexually active and attending family planning and STD clinics and other public health and social service centers in Miami in 1994 and 1995.

Synthesis of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha by human endothelial cells: role of prostaglandin H2 synthase.

The experiments described in this paper were designed to determine the mechanism underlying the increase in 8-isoprostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-epi-PGF(2alpha)) production by cultured human endothelial cells during reoxygenation following hypoxia. Human umbilical artery endothelial cells were grown on microcarrier beads and exposed to sequential periods of normoxia, hypoxia, and reoxygenation. The amount of 8-epi-PGF(2alpha) in the medium was determined by ELISA.

Dual-method use among an ethnically diverse group of women at risk of HIV infection.

Context: Few U.S. women protect themselves against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) by using an efficient contraceptive method and a condom.

Effect of hypoxia on steady-state arachidonic acid metabolism in bovine aortic endothelial cells.

At the onset of acute hypoxia, eicosanoid synthesis by bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) markedly decreases, reflecting a decreased release of arachidonic acid from endogenous stores. To determine the cause of decreased arachidonic acid release, we pulse-labeled BAEC with [14C]arachidonic acid for 5 min under normoxic conditions and chased cells for 1 h under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The 14C incorporation and specific activity (disintegrations per minute per nanomole) of three major arachidonyl molecular species (16:0-20:4, 18:1-20:4, and 18:0-20:4) of each phospholipid class were determined in cells chased under either of the two conditions.

Effects of oxygen tension and shear stress on human endothelial cell prostacyclin production.

Under in vivo conditions of ischemia and reperfusion, vascular endothelium (EC) experience concurrent changes in oxygen tension, shear stress, and the local concentration of metabolites. These studies explored the combined effects of shear stress and oxygen tension on EC prostacyclin production. EC grown on microcarrier beads were exposed to 120 min of normoxia and basal shear stress by stirring at 20 rpm.

The Development and Implementation of a Cognitive-Based Intervention Aimed at Culturally Diverse Women at Risk for HIV/AIDS.

The development and implementation of a culturally and gender sensitive, cognitive behavioral-intervention program aimed at preventing high-risk sexual and drug-use behaviors among culturally diverse women at risk for HIV/AIDS is described. The intervention stressed education, cultural/social barriers to change, and assertiveness/negotiation skill building. Methodological problems and their solutions are presented.

[In vitro study of strains of Staphylococcus: choice of an antibiotic].

The aim of this study is to determine the best antibiotic in presumptive staphylococcal infection and/or bacteriologically established staphylococcal infection before results of antibiotic sensitivity tests are available. 382 strains were analyzed. Only sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics were considered.

[In vitro comparison of the antibacterial activity of 1st, 2d, and 3d generation cephalosporins].

The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of first, second and third generation cephalosporins on bacterial strains. 1 920 strains are analyzed. Results establish that Cefalotin remains valuable against Gram positive pathogens, especially staphylococci.