Publications by authors named "Solene Denolly"

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to infect various animals, including domestic pets like dogs and cats. Many studies have documented infection in companion animals by molecular and serological methods. However, only a few have compared seroprevalence in cats and dogs from the general population, and these studies were limited by small sample sizes and collections over short periods.

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Several studies recently highlighted the role of lipoprotein receptors in viral entry. These receptors are evolutionarily ancient proteins, key for the transport of lipids as well as other signaling molecules across the plasma membrane. Here, we discuss the different families of lipoprotein receptors and how they are hijacked by enveloped viruses to promote their entry into infected cells.

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Dengue fever represents a significant medical and socio-economic burden in (sub)tropical regions, yet antivirals for treatment or prophylaxis are lacking. JNJ-A07 was described as highly active against the different genotypes within each serotype of the disease-causing dengue virus (DENV). Based on clustering of resistance mutations it has been assumed to target DENV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B).

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The Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging pathogen of the Orthonairovirus genus that can cause severe and often lethal hemorrhagic diseases in humans. CCHFV has a broad tropism and can infect a variety of species and tissues. Here, by using gene silencing, blocking antibodies or soluble receptor fragments, we identify the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) as a CCHFV entry factor.

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Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a global health issue, yet neither antiviral therapy nor a vaccine are available. ZIKV is an enveloped RNA virus, replicating in the cytoplasm in close association with ER membranes. Here, we isolate ER membranes from ZIKV-infected cells and determine their proteome.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Enveloped viruses like Zika virus (ZIKV) depend on cellular lipids for successful infection and production of new virions, but the details of how viral proteins interact with lipids are not fully understood.
  • - A study using a specialized cholesterol probe revealed that cholesterol interacts closely with ZIKV's structural protein prM, identifying key cholesterol binding sites within prM's membrane domain.
  • - Disruption of the prM-cholesterol interaction negatively affects ZIKV entry into host cells and disrupts viral assembly, suggesting that prM plays a critical role in facilitating both processes through cholesterol-dependent mechanisms.
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Dengue virus (DENV) is a major human pathogen that can cause hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. One important factor of DENV pathogenicity is non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a glycoprotein that is secreted from infected cells. Here we study the mode of action of the widely used drug ivermectin, used to treat parasitic infections and recently shown to lower NS1 blood levels in DENV-infected patients.

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Assessments of viral stability on surfaces or in body fluids under different environmental conditions and/or temperatures are often performed, as they are key to understanding the routes and parameters of viral transmission and to providing clues on the epidemiology of infections. However, for most viruses, the mechanisms of inactivation vs stability of viral particles remain poorly defined. Although they are structurally diverse, with different compositions, sizes, and shapes, enveloped viruses are generally less stable than non-enveloped viruses, pointing out the role of envelopes themselves in virus lability.

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Nup98, an essential component of the nuclear pore that also participates in annulate lamella pore structures localized in the cytosol, is involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV) assembly. Here, we combined confocal microscopy and biochemical assays to study the interplay between Nup98, core (i.e.

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Although there are several reports in the literature of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats, few SARS-CoV-2 sequences from infected cats have been published. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated in two cats by clinical observation, molecular biology (qPCR and NGS), and serology (microsphere immunoassay and seroneutralization). Following the observation of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in two cats, infection status was confirmed by RT-qPCR and, in one cat, serological analysis for antibodies against N-protein and S-protein, as well as neutralizing antibodies.

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Following severe adverse reactions to the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 vaccine, European health authorities recommended that patients under the age of 55 years who received one dose of ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 receive a second dose of the Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine as a booster. However, the effectiveness and the immunogenicity of this vaccination regimen have not been formally tested. Here we show that the heterologous ChAdOx1-S-nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 combination confers better protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the homologous BNT162b2 and BNT162b2 combination in a real-world observational study of healthcare workers (n = 13,121).

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Despite the probable zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, only limited research efforts have been made to understand the role of companion animals in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. According to recent serological prevalence studies, human-to-companion animal transmission is quite frequent, which led us to consider that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animal to human, albeit negligible in the present context, may have been underestimated. In this study, we provide the results of a prospective survey that was conducted to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 isolation rate by qRT-PCR in dogs and cats with different exposure risks and clinical statuses.

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Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a β-coronavirus, is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Like for other coronaviruses, its particles are composed of four structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleoprotein (N) proteins. The involvement of each of these proteins and their interactions are critical for assembly and production of β-coronavirus particles.

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In a survey of household cats and dogs of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, we found a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, ranging from 21% to 53%, depending on the positivity criteria chosen. Seropositivity was significantly greater among pets from COVID-19+ households compared to those with owners of unknown status. Our results highlight the potential role of pets in the spread of the epidemic.

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The penetration of enveloped viruses into target cells requires the fusion of the lipid envelope of their virions with the host lipid membrane though a stepwise and highly sophisticated process. However, the intermediate steps in this process have seldom been visualized due to their rarity and rapidity. Here, using cryo-electron tomography, TIRF microscopy, and cell membrane-derived vesicles called blebs, Ward visualize intermediates of the HIV-cell membrane fusion process and demonstrate how Serinc proteins prevent full fusion by interfering with this process.

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne orthonairovirus that has become a serious threat to the public health. CCHFV has a single-stranded, tripartite RNA genome composed of L, M, and S segments. Cleavage of the M polyprotein precursor generates the two envelope glycoproteins (GPs) as well as three secreted nonstructural proteins GP38 and GP85 or GP160, representing GP38 only or GP38 linked to a mucin-like protein (MLD), and a double-membrane-spanning protein called NSm.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health issue leading to chronic liver diseases. HCV particles are unique owing to their particular lipid composition, namely the incorporation of neutral lipids and apolipoproteins. The mechanism of association between HCV virion components and these lipoproteins factors remains poorly understood as well as its impact in subsequent steps of the viral life cycle, such as entry into cells.

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Viruses depend on the host cell translation machinery for their replication, and one common strategy is the presence of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the viral RNAs, using different sets of host translation initiation factors. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES binds eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3), but the exact functional role of the eIF3 complex and of its subunits remains to be precisely defined. Toward this goal, here we focused on eIF3 subunit e.

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Hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver diseases worldwide and a major health concern that affects an estimated 3% of the global population. Novel therapies available since 2014 and 2017 are very efficient and the WHO considers HCV eradication possible by the year 2030. These treatments are based on the so-called direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that have been developed through research efforts by academia and industry since the 1990s.

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The membrane fusion properties of HCV envelope glycoproteins can be evaluated using several assays. Fusion assays generally require contacts between glycoproteins expressed on a donor membrane, such as those from a cell or a viral particle, and an acceptor membrane that may or may not express cognate viral receptor, such as those from an indicator cell or a liposome. In this chapter, we describe three well-established methods in the field that use either cell surface expression of glycoproteins, HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpp), or cell culture-grown HCV (HCVcc) particles for donor membrane and cells or liposomes as acceptor membrane in which specific components can be included to monitor and quantify fusion.

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Background & Aims: In the sera of infected patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles display heterogeneous forms with low-buoyant densities (<1.08), underscoring their lipidation via association with apoB-containing lipoproteins, which was proposed to occur during assembly or secretion from infected hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms inducing this association remain poorly-defined and most cell culture grown HCV (HCVcc) particles exhibit higher density (>1.

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Viroporins are small transmembrane proteins with ion channel activities modulating properties of intracellular membranes that have diverse proviral functions. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes a viroporin, p7, acting during assembly, envelopment and secretion of viral particles (VP). HCV p7 is released from the viral polyprotein through cleavage at E2-p7 and p7-NS2 junctions by signal peptidase, but also exists as an E2p7 precursor, of poorly defined properties.

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