Addressing Cancer Disparities in SGM Populations: Recommendations for a National Action Plan to Increase SGM Health Equity Through Researcher and Provider Training and Education.

Reducing health disparities for sexual and gender minority (SGM) people is a priority of the National Institutes of Health. SGM populations face barriers in cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship care. These barriers are due to deficits in researcher and provider training and education, as well as limited National Cancer Institute funding opportunities directed at the many different SGM populations.

Lack of absorption of didanosine after rectal administration in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.

The feasibility of rectal administration of didanosine (DDI) was studied in six human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. After oral intake of a DDI solution (100 mg/m2 of body surface area) combined with an antacid (Maalox), pharmacokinetic parametric values were in accordance with previously published data; the mean +/- standard deviation for terminal half-life was 59.5 +/- 15.

Dyskeratosis congenita: multisystemic disorder with special consideration of immunologic aspects. A review of the literature.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, predominantly X-linked multisystemic disorder. It demonstrates a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and typically presents with dermatologic symptoms during the first decade of life. This review of the literature points out the importance of hematologic and immunologic alterations in defining the course and prognosis of the disease process.

Neopterin levels and pulmonary tuberculosis in infants.

Neopterin is produced and released by human macrophages in response to stimulation with interferon-gamma and changes in neopterin concentrations indicate cellular immune activation. Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is also associated with increased neopterin levels in body fluids. We report the clinical course, the diagnostic results, and the urinary neopterin levels of seven children (ages 10 months-6(6/12) years) with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Comparison of two antiretroviral triple combinations including the protease inhibitor indinavir in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: The effects of two antiretroviral triple combinations including the protease inhibitor indinavir on the surrogate markers, viral load and CD4 cells were evaluated.

Methods: Fifteen patients with high viral load or disease progression under their prior antiretroviral therapy were switched to zidovudine/lamivudine/indinavir (Group A, n = 10) or stavudine/lamivudine/indinavir (Group B, n = 5). Serial determinations of viral load and CD4 cells were performed.

Fine localization of the Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene to 8q21: evidence for a common founder haplotype.

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by microcephaly, a birdlike face, growth retardation, immunodeficiency, lack of secondary sex characteristics in females, and increased incidence of lymphoid cancers. NBS cells display a phenotype similar to that of cells from ataxia-telangiectasia patients, including chromosomal instability, radiation sensitivity, and aberrant cell-cycle-checkpoint control following exposure to ionizing radiation. A recent study reported genetic linkage of NBS to human chromosome 8q21, with strong linkage disequilibrium detected at marker D8S1811 in eastern European NBS families.

Positional cloning of the gene for Nijmegen breakage syndrome.

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS), also known as ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) variant, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by microcephaly, growth retardation, severe combined immunodeficiency and a high incidence of lymphoid cancers. Cells from NBS patients display chromosome instability, hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and abnormal cell-cycle regulation after irradiation, all of which are characteristics shared with AT. Recently, the NBS locus was mapped at 8q21 by two independent approaches, complementation studies and linkage analysis.

[Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are increasingly identified as the cause of diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis in countries with highly developed livestock. In 5-10% of patients, full-blown hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurs as a postinfectious life-threatening complication. Up to 1996, 5 out of 39 patients (12.

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery in a child with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a non-inflammatory segmental arteriopathy of unknown origin. Most often the renal arteries are affected, however, also mesenteric, lumbar, vertebral, or carotid arteries may be involved. FMD has frequently been reported as a cause of stroke in adults, but very rarely in children.

Surgical treatment of bacillus Calmette Guérin lymphadenitis.

Although its protective effect is contested and the risk of contracting tuberculosis is rather low nowadays, BCG vaccination is frequently performed. Changes of strain repeatedly led to an increased complication rate. In Austria between 1990 and 1991, of 3386 newborn babies (Strain Pasteur) 116 developed lymphadenitis 3 to 28 weeks after vaccination.

Effect of antiretroviral combination therapy (zidovudine/didanosine or zidovudine/lamivudine) on quantitative plasma human immunodeficiency virus-ribonucleic acid in children and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: To assess human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ribonucleic acid load in children and adolescents with HIV infection who are being treated with antiretroviral combination therapy.

Study Design: Five patients whose disease progressed with their prior antiretroviral therapy had treatment regimens changed to zidovudine (ZDV)/didanosine (DDI) (group A), and the regimens of six patients were changed to ZDV/lamivudine (3TC) (group B). Patients were followed every 4 to 8 weeks for an average period of 8.

[Dyskeratosis congenita. Genetic hematologic-immunologic systemic disease with pancytopenia].

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare, predominantly X-linked multisystemic disorder. It shows a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and typically presents with dermatological symptoms within the first decade. This review of the literature points out the importance of haematological and immunological changes defining course and prognosis of disease.

Increased serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNF-Rs) in children and adolescents with vertically and horizontally transmitted HIV infection.

Two different receptors exist for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), designated as p55 (TNF-RI) and p75 (TNF-RII). Soluble (= s) forms of TNF-Rs are secreted after proteolytic cleavage and block the effects of TNF-alpha. sTNF-RI, sTNF-RII and the soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) were determined by ELISA in serum samples of HIV-infected children and adolescents.

The Cayapa Indians of Ecuador: a genetically isolated group with unexpected complement C7 M/N allele frequencies.

The Cayapa Indians live in north-western Ecuador in close proximity to a Black population of African ancestry. C7 M/N allotyping has proved to be a good technique for plasma genetic analysis in several populations. Investigation of 124 Cayapa plasma samples revealed the highest allele frequency of C7*N observed in any population examined so far (0.

Recurrent hematuria: a novel clinical presentation of hereditary complete complement C4 deficiency.

A 10-year-old boy suffered from recurrent attacks of fever, vomiting, and hematuria. During disease flares, circulating immune complexes were detected in the serum. Elevated levels of Bb, Ba, and C3a indicated complement activation through the alternative pathway.

Persistent rubella infection after erroneous vaccination in an immunocompromised patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission.

A 16-year-old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission and on maintenance treatment with weekly oral methotrexate and daily oral 6-mercaptopurine for 3 months was immunized in error with the WI-RA 27/3-HDC live attenuated rubella vaccine. Increasing rubella HAI antibodies were noted from 3 to 7 months post-vaccination as well as high levels of IgM antibody up to 8 months in three different tests. High HAI antibody titers persisted for 12-18 months after vaccination.

[Cat scratch disease caused by Bartonella henselae].

Bartonella henselae is an etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease and, in immunocompromised patients, of bacillary angiomatosis and other severe syndromes. Cat-scratch disease usually presents as lymphadenopathy, which resolves spontaneously within 2-4 months. The utility of antibiotic therapy remains controversial.

Complement C7 M/N allotyping in infectious diseases.

The allotypes of the C7 M/N polymorphism are determined by ELISA by comparing the reaction pattern of the allospecific monoclonal antibody WU 4-15 with that of polyclonal anti-C7 IgG. In order to find disease associations of the two alleles C7*M and C7*N we tested 528 hospitalised patients, most of them suffering from infectious diseases. No significant association of either of the two C7 M/N alleles to a particular disease was found, in particular refuting the hypothesis that Lyme borreliosis may be more frequent in homozygous carriers of the hypomorphic allele C7*N.

Hepatitis A in Western Austria--the epidemiological situation before the introduction of active immunisation.

Several European countries report a decreasing prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV). This trend is most pronounced in the youngest age groups. In 1979, however, 58% of young Austrians aged 20 to 30 years were shown to possess anti-HAV.

Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 infections in Austria.

To determine the prevalence of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) serotype O157 associated diarrhea in the Austrian patient population, we surveyed all stool specimens of liquid consistency submitted to the Federal Public Health Laboratory (FPHL) in Innsbruck for 2 years for this organism. This laboratory serves a population of approximately 1 Million people. Of 5,265 stool specimens, 7 yielded O157 VTEC.

[Increased spontaneous uterine motility with serotonin].

The influence of serotonine, a vasoactive neurotransmitter, on the spontaneous motility of uterine strips was investigated. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) increase of uterine activity was observed when serotonine 10(-6) M was added to the perfusing medium.

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp41 by HIV-1 polypeptides expressed in Escherichia coli.

Two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced in Balb/c mice by immunization with recombinant gp41 derived from expression of lambda-BH10 cDNA of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the prokaryotic expression vector pEX-41. Characterization of the epitopes recognized by these MAbs was done with HIV-1 envelope (env) fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli encoding ten distinct segments of the env proteins. In comparison, another mouse MAb, M25, a human MAb directed against gp41, which was produced by the xeno hybridoma line 3D6 and a pool of human patient sera containing antibodies to HIV-1 were tested.