Publications by authors named "Soldatos T"
Recent developments on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques are expected to have significant impact on public health in several ways. Indeed, modern AI/ML methods have been applied on multiple occasions on topics ranging from drug discovery and disease diagnostics to personalized medicine, medical imaging, and healthcare operations. While such developments may improve several quality-of-life aspects (such as access to health services and education), it is important considering that some individuals may face more challenges, particularly in extreme or emergency situations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3-Dimensional (3D) Isotropic MRI of the Shoulder - Advantages Over 2D MRI.
Semin Roentgenol
October 2024
The increasing implementation of high-field MRI scanners and the development of novel imaging techniques have rendered 3D imaging of joints more feasible and efficient than ever. This article describes the current state of 3D MRI of the shoulder and highlights the benefits of the technique over conventional 2D MRI with respect to shoulder derangements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Early diagnosis of arthritis is crucial to prevent disease progression and joint damage.
- The symptoms and lab results can vary over time, making it difficult to diagnose arthritis in its early stages.
- The article focuses on using advanced imaging techniques like color-Doppler ultrasound and MR imaging to enhance diagnosis and improve communication in treatment.
Article Synopsis
- - The fight against COVID-19 requires understanding the complex relationship between the disease’s diverse symptoms and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is crucial for developing effective treatments.
- - Researchers created a comprehensive knowledge model by compiling existing data, which has been validated through recent findings, indicating the model's usefulness in generating and testing new hypotheses related to COVID-19.
- - The model is accessible via the "COVID-19 Explorer" webserver and aims to provide insights across different organ systems, potentially leading to the discovery of new drug candidates and biomarkers to enhance therapeutic strategies.
Article Synopsis
- The COVID-19 pandemic, beginning in early 2020, has caused over half a billion infections and 6 million deaths, highlighting a fragmented understanding of the disease's diverse symptoms and mechanisms.
- Despite vaccines being available, effective treatments for severe cases are still urgently needed, especially with new variants emerging, due to COVID-19's complex effects on various body tissues and organs.
- Utilizing the Dataome platform, researchers created an integrated model linking COVID-19 symptoms to molecular behavior and intercellular communication, which can aid in drug development and risk factor identification, all of which is accessible through the open-source COVID-19 Explorer.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multiparametric MRI protocol in diagnosing axial spondylarthritis (SpA) by comparing it to blood tests and clinical evaluations.
- It involved 130 patients, with results showing a strong correlation between positive MRI findings and SpA diagnoses, while no strong link was found between positive serology and SpA.
- MRI demonstrated higher specificity and overall accuracy compared to serology, with inflammatory activity observed in various regions such as the pelvis and spine in a significant number of patients.
Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapy has become essential in cancer treatment, with drugs like ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 to enhance T-cell activation, but this can cause serious side effects like colitis.
- The research explores how the different mechanisms of action between anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) and anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) drugs influence the occurrence and severity of colitis using data from the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System.
- Findings indicate that ipilimumab is linked to a significantly higher incidence of colitis compared to anti-PD-1 drugs, though the anticipated molecular mechanisms behind this
Advancing drug safety science by integrating molecular knowledge with post-marketing adverse event reports.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
May 2022
Article Synopsis
- Many drug development efforts fail due to unexpected negative reactions, highlighting the need for better safety analysis methods.
- This work reviews quantitative methods for analyzing adverse events and suggests enhancing these methods with molecular data to gain deeper insights.
- Incorporating molecular data can improve understanding of drug safety, support better clinical trial designs, and utilize advanced techniques like machine learning for public health benefits.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of targeted therapy drugs (TTDs) are frequently unexpected and long-term toxicities detract from exceptional efficacy of new TTDs. In this proof-of-concept study, we explored how molecular causation involved in trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity changes when trastuzumab was given in combination with doxorubicin, tamoxifen, paroxetine, or lapatinib. The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases (such as UniProt and Reactome), for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing cardiotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- A new pharmacological model was developed to enhance the prediction of adverse events (AEs) in FDA drug labels during drug approval, using a larger dataset and an improved algorithm.
- * The model evaluates comparator drugs with similar target activities by analyzing data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), drug labels, and medical literature.
- * The enhanced model demonstrates strong performance metrics, with an F1 score of 0.71 and areas under the precision-recall and receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.78 and 0.87, respectively, indicating its effectiveness in predicting AEs.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluates a new computational tool, MH BRCA, for classifying genetic variants in hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC), demonstrating a high accuracy in identifying pathogenic variants.
- The tool showed a 99.98% agreement with existing classification databases, significantly reducing uncertainty in variant interpretation and identifying several cases with potential family risks for HBOC.
- The findings also suggest a strong link between the classification of variants and their predicted efficacy in PARP inhibitor treatment, underscoring the importance of accurate variant assessment in clinical settings.
Immune checkpoint inhibition represents an important therapeutic option for advanced melanoma patients. Results from clinical studies have shown that treatment with the inhibitors Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab provides improved response and survival rates. Moreover, combining Nivolumab with the inhibitor Ipilimumab is superior to the respective monotherapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRadioimmunotherapy in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Retrospective Adverse Event Profiling of Zevalin and Bexxar.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
September 2019
The development of monoclonal antibodies has dramatically changed the outcome of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), the most common hematological malignancy. However, despite the satisfying results of monoclonal antibody treatment, only few NHL patients are permanently cured with single-agent therapies. In this context, radioimmunotherapy, the administration of radionuclides conjugated to monoclonal antibodies, is aimed to augment the single-agent efficacy of immunotherapy in order to deliver targeted radiation to tumors, particularly CD20+ B-cell lymphomas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Molecular characterization of tumors helps oncologists make better treatment decisions, but genomic medicine is still developing, leaving early adopters to take on most risks.
- Innovative precision oncology trials have emerged globally to prove the effectiveness of predictive biomarkers and analytics to improve patient outcomes.
- As more data on clinico-molecular outcomes is collected, we anticipate a shift from expert systems to AI-assisted treatment decision support, which could greatly enhance cancer care.
Article Synopsis
- * This study analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System involving approximately 1500 prostate cancer patients to identify side effects associated with radium-223 dichloride, noting that hematological reactions were common.
- * The research highlights the need for more prospective studies to better understand radium-223 dichloride's safety, marking an initial effort to evaluate its safety profile based on real-world data.
Article Synopsis
- Vaccine pharmacovigilance involves monitoring adverse events related to vaccines, which can be complicated by community practices and public health policies; the study aimed to explore these challenges and the influence of socioeconomic factors.
- Researchers analyzed over 607,000 adverse event reports and found that 12.6% of events were serious, with polypharmacy (use of multiple medications) being a significant concern, affecting nearly 9% of cases.
- The study suggests improvements in integrating vaccine data and emphasizes the need for better digital services and socioeconomic considerations to enhance vaccine safety monitoring and public health communication.
Article Synopsis
- Adverse events from therapeutic interventions are common but often unavoidable, providing data to study the link between human traits and drug-induced changes.
- Understanding the molecular basis of these adverse events can lead to safer drugs and help identify new biomarkers and treatment targets.
- The analysis of adverse events from the FAERS database revealed that many patients experience drug interactions, underlining the need for better optimization of co-medication therapies.
Profiling of Clinical Phenotypes for Human Targets Using Adverse Event Data.
High Throughput
November 2018
Article Synopsis
- A new method is introduced for analyzing how drugs affect clinical phenotypes by integrating data from 8.2 million clinical reports on drug side effects with drug-target molecular information.
- This approach has yielded 1.8 million connections between clinical phenotypes and 770 drug-targets, creating a comprehensive reference for human-targets and enabling rapid hypothesis testing.
- The validation showcases its practical applications in predicting drug safety and designing effective combination therapies, leveraging extensive clinical data available in healthcare settings.
Article Synopsis
- * Immunotherapy with these agents can lead to increased toxicity and immune-related side effects, although the exact mechanisms behind these issues are not well understood.
- * A retrospective analysis of nearly 7,700 melanoma patients shows that reactions are specifically linked to the use of ipilimumab and nivolumab, with combined treatment presenting a combination of side effects from both drugs.
Case reports suggest an association between second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and serotonin syndrome (SS). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) was analyzed to generate hypotheses about how SGAs may interact with pharmacological targets associated with SS. FAERS was integrated with additional sources to link information about adverse events with drugs and targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - This article explores the significance of cross-sectional imaging, particularly MRI and ultrasound (US), in diagnosing and assessing adult crystal and inflammatory arthropathies, supplementing traditional radiography techniques.
- - It discusses both conventional and advanced MRI techniques, featuring case examples to demonstrate imaging findings relevant to these conditions.
- - The study adheres to ethical standards, confirming that all procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with recognized ethical guidelines, and it includes data from a retrospective institutional review board (IRB) study where informed consent was waived.
Purpose: To determine the added value of quantitative diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast material-enhanced imaging to conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for assessment of the response of soft-tissue sarcomas to neoadjuvant therapy.
Materials And Methods: MR imaging examinations in 23 patients with soft-tissue sarcomas who had undergone neoadjuvant therapy were reviewed by two readers during three sessions: conventional imaging (T1-weighted, fluid-sensitive, static postcontrast T1-weighted), conventional with diffusion-weighted imaging, and conventional with diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging. For each session, readers recorded imaging features and determined treatment response.
Article Synopsis
- - Atypical infections can be easily misdiagnosed due to their similar symptoms and imaging results as other inflammatory conditions, often leading to delayed treatment.
- - Delayed diagnosis of these infections increases the risk of severe damage to bones and joints, resulting in higher rates of complications.
- - The review focuses on the imaging features of atypical infections and inflammatory conditions in the hand, highlighting important distinctions to aid in accurate diagnosis.
Aim: To determine (1) the relationship of a glenoid notch to the presence of a normal labral variant in the anterior-superior glenoid labrum; (2) the inter- and intra-observer reliability of recognising a glenoid notch; and (3) whether magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) is more reliable than non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in visualising a glenoid notch.
Materials And Methods: From 1995 through 2010, 104 patients underwent MRI or MRA before diagnostic shoulder arthroscopy by the senior author. Five blinded musculoskeletal radiologists independently read the images twice to evaluate for the presence or absence of a glenoid notch.