Coordinated gas release among the physostomous fish sprat (Sprattus sprattus).

Previous experimental studies suggest that the production of sound associated with expelling gas from an open swimbladder may play a role in communication. This would suggest non-random gas release. We used deployed echosounders to study patterns of gas release among a fjord population of sprat (Sprattus sprattus).

Outcome of Ulcerative Colitis 20 Years after Diagnosis in a Prospective Population-based Inception Cohort from South-Eastern Norway, the IBSEN Study.

Background And Aims: The long-term course of ulcerative colitis [UC] is difficult to predict. Mortality, colectomy, cancer, and hospitalisation represent hard outcomes of disease. Moreover, knowledge on the risk of relapses and need for potent medication add important information about living with UC.

[A man in his fifties with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss].

Background: Watery diarrhoea coupled with weight loss is a serious condition with many potential causes. We present a possibly underappreciated cause which usually responds well to treatment; left untreated it may have a severe course.

Case Presentation: A man in his fifties with known coronary and cerebrovascular disease was admitted for watery diarrhoea.

Risk of colorectal cancer in a population-based study 20 years after diagnosis of ulcerative colitis: results from the IBSEN study.

Objective: The association between ulcerative colitis (UC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) is widely accepted, although attenuated risk has been reported in recent years. Colonoscopic surveillance is recommended with intervals based on established clinical risk factors. Nevertheless, a significant number of patients develop interval cancers, indicating the need of improved individualised assessment.

Does tumor size influence the outcome of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy?

Background: Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is a safe procedure, but its role in resection of large pancreatic lesions has been questioned.

Methods: Patients who underwent LDP for pancreatic solitary tumors in 1997-2017 were included in this study. The patients were divided into three groups in accordance with tumor size: <3.

A system for students' evaluation of lectures in the medical programme in Oslo.

Background: Students and education authorities are expressing an increasing demand for educational quality and student involvement in higher education. We present a descriptive observational study of a student-initiated system for evaluation of lectures in the medical degree programme at the University of Oslo.

Material And Method: Criteria-based student evaluations of 445 lectures in the first and second year of the medical degree programme were conducted in spring and autumn 2017 and spring 2018; after each lecture, three students completed a questionnaire about the lecture.

Peripheral arthritis in patients with long-term inflammatory bowel disease. Results from 20 years of follow-up in the IBSEN study.

Objectives: Peripheral arthritis and related musculoskeletal manifestations, often classified as peripheral spondyloarthritis, are frequently seen in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Few long-term studies have reported on the prevalence of these conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of IBD-related peripheral arthritis and peripheral spondyloarthritis in IBD patients during 20 years of disease course, and to assess whether these conditions were associated with the intestinal IBD severity and activity.

Malignancies in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results from 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study.

Background And Aims: Whether patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBDs] have increased risk of developing cancer has been debated. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of intestinal/extraintestinal cancers in an IBD cohort 20 years after diagnosis and to assess whether these patients had an increased cancer-specific risk compared with a matched control population.

Methods: Patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD] diagnosed 1990-1993 have been prospectively followed up for 20 years.

Seasonality and toxin production of Pyrodinium bahamense in a Red Sea lagoon.

Harmful algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense have caused human and economic losses in the last decades. This study, for the first time, documents a bloom of P. bahamense in the Red Sea.

Fatigue in a population-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease 20 years after diagnosis: The IBSEN study.

Objective: Fatigue is a major concern for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), but evidence from population-based studies regarding fatigue in long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is scarce. Our aims were to assess fatigue scores and the prevalence of chronic fatigue in IBD patients 20 years after diagnosis and to identify variables associated with fatigue in this cohort.

Methods: Twenty years after diagnosis, patients from a cohort with incident IBD were invited to a follow-up visit that included a structured interview, a clinical examination, laboratory tests and the Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ).

Antineutrophil antibodies define clinical and genetic subgroups in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Background & Aims: The strongest genetic risk factors in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are encoded in the HLA complex. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been reported in up to 94% of PSC patients, but their clinical significance and immunogenetic basis are ill defined. We aimed to characterize clinical and genetic associations of ANCA in PSC.

Prevalence of Sclerosing Cholangitis Detected by Magnetic Resonance Cholangiography in Patients With Long-term Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background & Aims: The prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. Patients with IBD might be screened for PSC using magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC). We aimed to estimate the frequency and distribution of MRC-detected lesions that indicate PSC in patients with IBD 20 years after their initial diagnosis and to identify clinical characteristics associated with these findings.

Mortality and Causes of Death in Ulcerative Colitis: Results from 20 Years of Follow-up in the IBSEN Study.

Background: The best way to obtain knowledge about the natural history, including mortality, of ulcerative colitis (UC) is to conduct a longitudinal, population-based, prospective study. The aims of this study were to calculate the mortality rates and causes of death in patients with UC.

Methods: A prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study was conducted in South-Eastern Norway.

Risk matrix model for prediction of colectomy in a population-based study of ulcerative colitis patients (the IBSEN study).

Objectives: Identifying ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with increased risk of colectomy is essential for appropriate treatment. We aimed to develop a prediction model assessing the risk of having colectomy within the first 10 years after diagnosis.

Material And Methods: A population-based inception cohort of UC patients diagnosed in south-eastern Norway between 1990 and 1994 has been followed for 10 years.

Social behaviour in mesopelagic jellyfish.

Gelatinous organisms apparently play a central role in deep pelagic ecosystems, but lack of observational methodologies has restricted information on their behaviour. We made acoustic records of diel migrating jellyfish Periphylla periphylla forming small, ephemeral groups at the upper fringe of an acoustic scattering layer consisting of krill. Groups of P.

Heterogeneous distribution of plankton within the mixed layer and its implications for bloom formation in tropical seas.

Intensive sampling at the coastal waters of the central Red Sea during a period of thermal stratification, prior to the main seasonal bloom during winter, showed that vertical patches of prokaryotes and microplankton developed and persisted for several days within the apparently density uniform upper layer. These vertical structures were most likely the result of in situ growth and mortality (e.g.

Cross-national comparison of job satisfaction in doctors during economic recession.

Background: Job satisfaction in doctors is related to migration, burnout, turnover and health service quality. However, little is known about their job satisfaction during economic recessions. Iceland and Norway have similar health care systems, but only Iceland was affected severely by the 2008 economic crisis.

An integrated approach for assessing influence of agricultural activities on pesticides in a shallow aquifer in south-eastern Norway.

The study examines the influence of agricultural activities on pesticides in groundwater in an area with fluvial deposits of sand with a top layer of sandy silt and silt, intensive cultivation of potatoes and cereals, and drinking water supplies of households from local groundwater wells. Information about local agricultural practice and washing sites for pesticide spraying equipment, properties of soils and deeper deposits, hydrogeology and groundwater flow, simulations of pesticide leaching, and contents of pesticides and nitrate in groundwater samples from drinking water wells was used to explore extension and reasons of pesticide contamination of groundwater. Pesticides were found in a majority of the sampled wells.

Clinical course and prognosis in ulcerative colitis: results from population-based and observational studies.

The clinical course of ulcerative colitis (UC) may range from a quiescent course with prolonged periods of remission to fulminant disease requiring intensive medical treatment or surgery. Disease outcome is often determined by relapse rates, the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and mortality rates. Early patient classification, identifying those with a high risk of developing complicated disease, is essential for choosing appropriate treatment.

Vertical distribution and diel vertical migration of krill beneath snow-covered ice and in ice-free waters.

A bottom mounted upward looking Simrad EK60 120-kHz echo sounder was used to study scattering layers (SLs) and individuals of the krill . The mooring was situated at 150-m depth in the Oslofjord, connected with an onshore cable for power and transmission of digitized data. Records spanned 5 months from late autumn to spring.

Surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat () in ice-free and ice-covered waters.

Upward-facing echosounders that provided continuous, long-term measurements were applied to address the surfacing behavior and gas release of the physostome sprat () throughout an entire winter in a 150-m-deep Norwegian fjord. During ice-free conditions, the sprat surfaced and released gas bubbles at night with an estimated surfacing rate of 3.5 times per fish day.

The impact of economic factors on migration considerations among Icelandic specialist doctors: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Globalization has facilitated the employability of doctors almost anywhere in the world. In recent years, the migration of doctors seems to have increased. However, we lack studies on doctors' migration from developed countries.

Physicians' perceptions of quality of care, professional autonomy, and job satisfaction in Canada, Norway, and the United States.

Background: We lack national and cross-national studies of physicians' perceptions of quality of patient care, professional autonomy, and job satisfaction to inform clinicians and policymakers. This study aims to compare such perceptions in Canada, the United States (U.S.