Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors enhance cognitive functions in rats following hypobaric hypoxia.

Hypobaric hypoxia (HBH) can produce neuropsychological disorders such as insomnia, dizziness, memory deficiencies, headache and nausea. It is well known that exposure to HBH cause alterations of neurotransmitters and cognitive impairment in terms of learning and memory. But the mechanisms are poorly understood.

A nanostructured cerium oxide film-based immunosensor for mycotoxin detection.

Rabbit-immunoglobulin antibodies (r-IgGs) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been immobilized onto sol-gel-derived nanostructured cerium oxide (nanoCeO(2)) film fabricated onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass plate to detect ochratoxin-A (OTA). Broad reflection planes obtained in x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal the formation of CeO(2) nanostructures. Electrochemical studies reveal that nanoCeO(2) particles provide an increased electroactive surface area for loading of r-IgGs with desired orientation, resulting in enhanced electron communication between r-IgGs and electrode.

Hydrogen peroxide sensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized nanostructured cerium oxide film.

Nanostructured cerium oxide (NanoCeO(2)) film deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate by solution casting has been used for immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) via physiosorption technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis and electrochemical techniques have been utilized for characterization of NanoCeO(2)/ITO electrode and HRP/NanoCeO(2)/ITO bioelectrode. The HRP/NanoCeO(2)/ITO electrode exhibits value of the apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m)) as 2.

Recent advances in self-assembled monolayers based biomolecular electronic devices.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have aroused much interest due to their potential applications in biosensors, biomolecular electronics and nanotechnology. This has been largely attributed to their inherent ordered arrangement and controllable properties. SAMs can be formed by chemisorption of organic molecules containing groups like thiols, disulphides, amines, acids or silanes, on desired surfaces and can be used to fabricate biomolecular electronic devices.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum (seed) extract.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were examined in a partially purified fraction (MTH) of the Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract. The analgesic effects of graded doses of fraction (MTH in 10-40 mg/kg p.o.

Grain size dependent transport and magnetoresistance behavior of chemical solution deposition grown nanostructured La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 manganite films.

Grain-size dependence of electronic transport and magnetoresistance (MR) properties of nanostructured La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) manganite thin films on LaAlO3 (100) single crystal substrates prepared using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) technique have been studied.

A mutation in NFkappaB interacting protein 1 causes cardiomyopathy and woolly haircoat syndrome of Poll Hereford cattle.

Cardiomyopathy and woolly haircoat syndrome (CWH) of Poll Hereford cattle is a lethal, autosomal recessive disorder. Cardiac and haircoat changes are congenital, neonatal ocular keratitis develops in some cases and death usually occurs within the first 12 weeks of life. We undertook a homozygosity mapping approach to identify the chromosomal location of the causative gene.

Application of octadecanethiol self-assembled monolayer to cholesterol biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique.

Octadecanethiol (ODT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) prepared onto gold-coated glass plate has been modified by using nitrene reaction of 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-azidobenzene (FNAB) that further covalently binds to cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) via thermal reaction. FNAB acts as a bridge (cross-linker) between SAM and ChOx. The ChOx/FNAB/ODT/Au electrode thus fabricated has been characterized using contact angle (CA) measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, respectively.

Nucleic acid sensor for M. tuberculosis detection based on surface plasmon resonance.

Cysteine modified NH(2)-end peptide nucleic acid (PNA) (24-mer) probe and 5'-thiol end labeled deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes specific to Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been immobilized onto BK-7 gold coated glass plates for the detection of complementary, one-base mismatch, non-complementary targets and complementary target sequence in genomic DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The DNA/Au and PNA/Au bio-electrodes have been characterized using contact angle, atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques, respectively. It is revealed that there is a 252 millidegrees SPR angle change in the case of PNA immobilization and 205 millidegrees for DNA immobilization, indicating increased amount of immobilized PNA molecules.

Iron oxide nanoparticles-chitosan composite based glucose biosensor.

Iron oxide (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles prepared using co-precipitation method have been dispersed in chitosan (CH) solution to fabricate nanocomposite film on indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass plate. Glucose oxidase (GOx) has been immobilized onto this CH-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposite film via physical adsorption. The size of the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles estimated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been found to be approximately 22 nm.

Self-assembled monolayer for toxicant detection using nucleic acid sensor based on surface plasmon resonance technique.

Double stranded calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (dsCT-DNA) has been covalently immobilized onto self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of beta-merceptoethanol (MCE) on gold substrates via N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry for fabrication of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensing device. The dsCT-DNA-MCE-SAM/Au bioelectrode has been characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy, respectively. This biosensing device has been utilized for detection of cypermethrin (0.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles-chitosan composite film for cholesterol biosensor.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NanoZnO) uniformly dispersed in chitosan (CHIT) have been used to fabricate a hybrid nanocomposite film onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plate. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been immobilized onto this NanoZnO-CHIT composite film using physiosorption technique. Both NanoZnO-CHIT/ITO electrode and ChOx/NanoZnO-CHIT/ITO bioelectrode have been characterized using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, respectively.

Nucleic acid sensor for insecticide detection.

Nucleic acid sensor based on polyaniline (PANI) has been fabricated by covalently immobilizing double stranded calf thymus (dsCT) DNA onto perchlorate (ClO(-) (4))-doped PANI film deposited onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plate using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) chemistry. These dsCT-DNA-PANI-ClO(4)/ITO and PANI-ClO(4)/ITO electrodes have been characterized using square wave voltammetry, electrochemical impedance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform-infrared (FTIR) measurements. This disposable dsCT-DNA-PANI-ClO(4)/ITO bioelectrode, stable for about 4 months, can be used to detect cypermethrin (0.

Carrier screening for beta-thalassemia during pregnancy in India: a 7-year evaluation.

Aim: Premarital screening for beta-thalassemia is not widely acceptable in India; hence, we evaluated the effectiveness of antenatal screening and counseling over 7 years.

Methods: 61,935 pregnant women were screened using the single-tube osmotic fragility test during their first antenatal visit. Individuals who were positive were investigated further for diagnosis of beta-thalassemia and other abnormal hemoglobins.

Cholinergic innervation of the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens.

Recently, a cholinergic neurogenic component of contraction has been characterised in the aganglionic mouse vas deferens. In this paper, a cholinergic component of contraction in the guinea-pig vas deferens is characterised pharmacologically. A residual, tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX, 0.

Covalent immobilization of cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase on polyaniline films for application to cholesterol biosensor.

Cholesterol esterase (ChEt) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) have been covalently immobilized on electrochemically prepared polyaniline (PANI) films. These PANI/ChEt/ChOx enzyme films have been characterized using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical behavior of these films has been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric techniques, respectively.

Cholesterol biosensor based on amino-undecanethiol self-assembled monolayer using surface plasmon resonance technique.

Cholesterol oxidase has been covalently immobilized onto 11-amino-1-undecanethiol hydrochloride (AUT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) fabricated on gold (Au) substrates using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. These ChOx/AUT/Au bioelectrodes characterized using contact angle (CA) measurements; electrochemical technique and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been utilized for the estimation of cholesterol in solution using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. These biosensing electrodes exhibiting linearity from 50 to 500 mg/dL of cholesterol in solution and sensitivity of 1.

Cholesterol biosensor based on N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane self-assembled monolayer.

Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been covalently immobilized onto two-dimensional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTS) deposited on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates using N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) chemistry. These ChO x/AEAPTS/ITO bioelectrodes are characterized using contact angle (CA) measurements, UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance technique, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) technique. The covalently immobilized ChOx-modified AEAPTS bioelectrodes are used for the estimation of cholesterol in solution using UV-visible technique.

Poly-(3-hexylthiophene) self-assembled monolayer based cholesterol biosensor using surface plasmon resonance technique.

Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been covalently immobilized onto 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-azidobenzene (FNAB) modified poly-(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) onto gold coated glass plates. These ChOx/FNAB/P3HT/Au bio-electrodes have been characterized using contact angle (CA) measurements, UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance technique, cyclic voltammetric technique and atomic force microscopic (AFM) technique, respectively. The ChOx/FNAB/P3HT/Au bio-electrodes were utilized for the estimation of cholesterol concentration in standard solutions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique.

Cholinergic innervation of the mouse isolated vas deferens.

Recently, a population of nerves has been described in the aganglionic mouse vas deferens, in which electrically evoked contractions were insensitive to high concentrations of the adrenergic neurone blocker, bretylium. In this paper, the pharmacology of this nerve-evoked contraction has been examined in more detail. Bretylium (20 microM) revealed, after 5 h exposure, a new residual neurogenic contraction (20 stimuli at 10 Hz) that was tetrodotoxin-sensitive.

A conical air-coupled capacitance transducer for surface imaging.

This paper describes the construction and operation of an air-coupled capacitance transducer with a conical backplate. This was designed to produce a focal region over an extended distance along the transducer axis. Measurements were performed to examine both the frequency response of the transducer in pulse-echo mode, and the lateral resolution for imaging purposes.

Beneficial effects of terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aim: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) occurs in about 18% of cirrhotic patients with ascites and is characterized by intense renal vasoconstriction, low glomerular filtration rate and preserved tubular function and normal renal histology. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of terlipressin on renal function, systemic hemodynamics and clinical outcome in patients with HRS.

Methods: The study was a randomized controlled single-blind trial.

Effect of early mobilisation on grip strength, pinch strength and work of hand muscles in cases of closed diaphyseal fracture radius-ulna treated with dynamic compression plating.

Aims: The purpose of the study was to objectively determine the effects of early mobilisation in terms of grip strength and work of hand muscles in cases of closed diaphyseal fracture radius - ulna treated with dynamic compression plating.

Subjects And Methods: Fifty normal subjects and Twenty-one patients, (Eleven patients treated with early active and resistive goal directed mobilisation and Ten control group) were assessed for pinch strength and grip strength on Pinch Dynamometer and Jamar Dynamometer and work of hand muscles on Ergograph. Standardised positions of the equipments and patients were maintained throughout the study.

A comparison of the effectiveness of malignancy detection in body fluid examination by the cytopathology and hematology laboratories.

Background: Body fluid specimens in many institutions are submitted for cytologic examination as well as for examination in a clinical microscopy or hematology laboratory. The cytology laboratory is generally seen as the standard for detection of malignancy, whereas the clinical microscopy laboratory is often depended on predominantly for cell counting and categorization.

Methods: To analyze the effectiveness of the hematology laboratory at detecting malignant fluids, this study retrospectively analyzed reports on 397 body fluid specimens (cerebrospinal, pericardial, peritoneal, and pleural) that were concurrently submitted over a 12-month period to both the cytopathology laboratory and the hematology laboratory.