Short-chain fatty acid on blood-brain barrier and glial function in ischemic stroke.

Stroke is the second most common cause of death and one of the most common causes of disability worldwide. The intestine is home to several microorganisms that fulfill essential functions for the natural and physiological functioning of the human body. There is an interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal system that enables bidirectional communication between them, the so-called gut-brain axis.

Sepsis after middle cerebral artery occlusion exacerbates peripheral oxidative stress in a sex-specific manner.

Ischemic stroke occurs due a blockage in the blood flow to the brain, leading to damage to the nervous system. The prevalent morbidities resulting from stroke include post-stroke infection, as sepsis. Additionally, oxidative stress is recognized for inducing functional deficits in peripheral organs during sepsis.

Sepsis compromises post-ischemic stroke neurological recovery and is associated with sex differences.

Aims: Infection is a complication after stroke and outcomes vary by sex. Thus, we investigated if sepsis affects brain from ischemic stroke and sex involvement.

Main Methods: Male and female Wistar rats, were submitted to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and after 7 days sepsis to cecal ligation and perforation (CLP).

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Induced Protection in Brain Disorders.

The Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world for the prevention of tuberculosis. Its immunological capacity also includes epigenetic reprogramming, activation of T cells and inflammatory responses. Although the main usage of the vaccine is the prevention of tuberculosis, different works have shown that the effect of BCG can go beyond the peripheral immune response and be linked to the central nervous system by modulating the immune system at the level of the brain.

Cannabidiol effect on long-term brain alterations in septic rats: Involvement of PPARγ activation.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition induced by a deregulated host response to infection. Post-sepsis injury includes long-term cognitive impairment, whose neurobiological mechanisms and effective treatment remain unknown. The present study was designed to determine the potential effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in a sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) model and explore if peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is the putative mechanism underpinning the beneficial effects.

Blood-brain barrier permeability in the ischemic stroke: An update.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and the major cause of long-term disability. Among the types of strokes, ischemic stroke, which occurs due to obstruction of blood vessels responsible for cerebral irrigation, is considered the most prevalent, accounting for approximately 86 % of all stroke cases. This interruption of blood supply leads to a critical pathophysiological mechanism, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which are responsible for structural alterations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Oxidative stress in multiple organs after sepsis in elderly rats.

Aging is a dynamic process, in which morphological and physiological changes occur at all levels, making the body more vulnerable to acute events. Elderly people are at greater risk of sepsis developing than younger people. Sepsis is a set of serious manifestations throughout the body produced by an infection, leading to events that compromise cell homeostasis as oxidative stress and is associated with organ dysfunction.