are emerging industrial biocatalysts and biotherapeutics.

The is a family of anaerobic bacteria in the class Clostridia with potential to advance the bio-economy and intestinal therapeutics. Some species of metabolize abundant, low-cost feedstocks such as lignocellulose and carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals. Others are among the dominant species of the human colon and animal rumen, where they ferment dietary fiber to promote healthy gut and immune function.

The Xer activation factor of TLCΦ expands the possibilities for Xer recombination.

The chromosome dimer resolution machinery of bacteria is generally composed of two tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD. They resolve chromosome dimers by adding a crossover between sister copies of a specific site, dif. The reaction depends on a cell division protein, FtsK, which activates XerD by protein-protein interactions.

Phages and their satellites encode hotspots of antiviral systems.

Bacteria carry diverse genetic systems to defend against viral infection, some of which are found within prophages where they inhibit competing viruses. Phage satellites pose additional pressures on phages by hijacking key viral elements to their own benefit. Here, we show that E.

The TLCΦ satellite phage harbors a Xer recombination activation factor.

The circular chromosomes of bacteria can be concatenated into dimers by homologous recombination. Dimers are solved by the addition of a cross-over at a specific chromosomal site, , by 2 related tyrosine recombinases, XerC and XerD. Each enzyme catalyzes the exchange of a specific pair of strands.

Identification of Multiple Replication Stages and Origins in the Nucleopolyhedrovirus of .

To understand the mechanism of replication used by baculoviruses, it is essential to describe all the factors involved, including virus and host proteins and the sequences where DNA synthesis starts. A lot of work on this topic has been done, but there is still confusion in defining what sequence/s act in such functions, and the mechanism of replication is not very well understood. In this work, we performed an AgMNPV replication kinetics into the susceptible UFL-Ag-286 cells to estimate viral genome synthesis rates.

Aeration control strategies to stimulate simultaneous nitrification-denitrification via nitrite during the formation of aerobic granular sludge.

In this study, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), treating synthetic wastewater (COD/N = 5), was operated in two stages. During stage I, an aeration control strategy based on oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was applied, to accomplish nitrogen removal via nitrite >80%. In stage II, the development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was examined while two aeration control strategies (OUR and pH slope) maintained the nitrite pathway and optimized the simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) performance.

Formation of aerobic granular sludge during the treatment of petrochemical wastewater.

In this study, petrochemical wastewater from the port of Antwerp was used for the development of aerobic granular sludge. Two different reactor setups were used, (1) a completely aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a feast/famine regime and (2) a sequencing batch reactor operated with an anaerobic feast/aerobic famine strategy (SBR). The seed sludge showed poor settling characteristics with a sludge volume index (SVI) of 285mL.

Performance of aerobic nitrite granules treating an anaerobic pre-treated wastewater originating from the potato industry.

In this study nitrogen removal via nitrite >80% was achieved after approximately 80days in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating pre-treated industrial wastewater originating from the potato industry. Thereafter, SBR performance was investigated during the formation of aerobic nitrite granules (ANG). The first granules appeared after 26days leading to full granulation after 64days.

The ac53, ac78, ac101, and ac103 genes are newly discovered core genes in the family Baculoviridae.

The family Baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA genomes of 80 to 180 kbp, which have broad biotechnological applications. A key feature to understand and manipulate them is the recognition of orthology. However, the differences in gene contents and evolutionary distances among the known members of this family make it difficult to assign sequence orthology.

First record of a mosquito iridescent virus in Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

The mosquito iridescent viruses (MIVs) are large icosahedral DNA viruses that replicate and assemble in the cytoplasm of the host. Paracrystalline arrangements of virions that accumulate in the cytoplasm produce an iridescent color that is symptomatic of acute infections. In August 2010, we found larvae of Culex pipiens with these symptoms in suburban ditches around the city of La Plata, Argentina.

Baculovirus: molecular insights on their diversity and conservation.

The Baculoviridae is a large group of insect viruses containing circular double-stranded DNA genomes of 80 to 180 kbp. In this study, genome sequences from 57 baculoviruses were analyzed to reevaluate the number and identity of core genes and to understand the distribution of the remaining coding sequences. Thirty one core genes with orthologs in all genomes were identified along with other 895 genes differing in their degrees of representation among reported genomes.