Longitudinal Trends in HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance in Children from Argentina over a 15-Year Period (2006-2021).

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance is a major cause of treatment failure in children and adolescents infected with the virus.

Objectives: The objectives of the study are to investigate HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients who attended a referral care center in Argentina over a 15-year period and to compare mutational patterns between HIV-1 polsequences characterized as B or BF recombinants.

Methods: Individual resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) (to protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors) were identified according to IAS-USA guidelines in 374 HIV-1-infected children and adolescents.

Variable antiviral activity of islatravir against M184I/V mutant HIV-1 selected during antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Islatravir is a new antiretroviral drug that inhibits the reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 through multiple mechanisms. It is proposed to be used in combination with doravirine, a new NNRTI. M184V/I mutations have been shown to reduce the in vitro antiviral activity of islatravir, but their effect when pre-selected during ART has not been investigated.

HIV-1 subtype F integrase polymorphisms external to the catalytic core domain contribute to severe loss of replication capacity in context of the integrase inhibitor resistance mutation Q148H.

Background: In prior studies, HIV-1 BF recombinants with subtype F integrases failed to develop resistance to raltegravir through the Q148H mutational pathway. We aimed to determine the role of subtype-specific polymorphisms in integrase on drug susceptibility, viral replication and integration.

Methods: Integrase sequences were retrieved from the Los Alamos Database or obtained from the Garrahan HIV cohort.

HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance in vertically infected children is associated with poor virological response to protease inhibitor (PI)-based first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART): results from a cohort study in Argentina.

Background: Increasing evidence from adult cohorts suggests an important role of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) in ART failure, in spite of treatment being fully active according to baseline genotyping tests. Whether this is also true for children is unknown.

Methods: Virological and immunological parameters were longitudinally assessed in a group of 39 HIV-1 vertically infected children starting first-line lopinavir/ritonavir-based ART at a median of 5.

Impact of genotypic diversity on selection of subtype-specific drug resistance profiles during raltegravir-based therapy in individuals infected with B and BF recombinant HIV-1 strains.

Background: Current knowledge on HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors (INIs) is based mostly on subtype B strains. This contrasts with the increasing use of INIs in low- and middle-income countries, where non-B subtypes predominate.

Materials And Methods: HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping was performed in 30 HIV-1-infected individuals undergoing virological failure to raltegravir.

Impact of the time to achieve viral control on the dynamics of circulating HIV-1 reservoir in vertically infected children with long-term sustained virological suppression: A longitudinal study.

Objective: Determine the decay rate of HIV-1 DNA reservoir in vertically infected children during sustained viral suppression (VS) and how it is affected by the age at VS.

Methods: This study included 37 HIV-1 vertically infected children on suppressive antiretroviral therapy for at least 4 years. Children were grouped according to the age of antiretroviral therapy initiation (≤0.