Effect of Padzahr Tablet on Biochemical Indices of Bone Remodeling in Postmenopausal Females with Osteopenia: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Osteoporosis is a complex disease that poses major global public health challenges. Many individuals with osteoporosis turn to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for prevention and management. Due to its mineral contents, Padzahr, a type of clay used in traditional Persian medicine, is believed to have bone-forming properties.

The effect of probiotic consumption on lipid profile, glycemic index, inflammatory markers, and liver function in NAFLD patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background-aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disorder worldwide. Currently, no pharmacological treatment has been approved for NAFLD. Probiotics have been suggested as a potential therapy for NAFLD.

The transcript level of long non-coding RNAs; MALAT1 and TUG1, and the association with metabolic syndrome-related parameters in women with overweight and obesity.

Background: Recent studies have addressed the possible role of long non-coding RNAs lnc-RNAs), Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), and Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1), in modulating the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, studies are limited and contradictory. Hence, we sought to investigate the relationship of the transcript level of these two lnc-RNAs with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters in women with obesity and overweight.

Exosomes isolated from metabolically unhealthy normal weight and overweight phenotypes deteriorate the ER/PR positive breast cancer behavior.

Purpose: Obesity has been linked to a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer Yet, research indicates an opposite correlation between obesity and premenopausal breast cancer risk. Various obesity phenotypes based on metabolic health could play a significant part. This study aims to assess how plasma exosomes taken from women with varying obesity phenotypes impact MCF-7 cell migration, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, and apoptosis.

The effects of prebiotic, probiotic or synbiotic supplementation on overweight/obesity indicators: an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses.

Background: There is controversial data on the effects of prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic supplementations on overweight/obesity indicators. Thus, we aimed to clarify this role of biotics through an umbrella review of the trials' meta-analyses.

Methods: All meta-analyses of the clinical trials conducted on the impact of biotics on overweight/obesity indicators in general populations, pregnant women, and infants published until June 2023 in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library web databases included.

The obeticholic acid can positively regulate the cancerous behavior of MCF7 breast cancer cell line.

Background: The diagnosis and treatment processes of cancer are among the main challenges of medical science in recent decades. The use of different therapeutic agents is one of the most common methods frequently utilized for cancer treatment. Accumulating evidence points to a potential effect of Obeticholic acid (OCA), a specific ligand for farnesoid X receptor, on the regulation of cancer-associated pathways.

Exploring the impact of naltrexone on the THBS1/eNOS/NO pathway in osteoporotic bile duct-ligated rats.

Hepatic osteodystrophy, a prevalent manifestation of metabolic bone disease, can arise in the context of chronic liver disease. The THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the maturation of osteoclast precursors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Naltrexone (NTX) on bone loss by examining the THBS1-eNOS-NO signaling pathways in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats.

The interaction between MALAT1 and TUG1 with dietary fatty acid quality indices on visceral adiposity index and body adiposity index.

We aimed to investigate the interaction between the transcript levels of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) in relation to the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI). This cross-sectional study involved 346 women classified as obese and overweight, aged between 18 and 48 years. Dietary intake and the quality of dietary fat were assessed using a validated and reliable 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) used as an indicator.

T4 and TD3 Ameliorate Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6J Mice.

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of T4 and TD3 probiotics on skeletal muscle inflammation and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD).

Methods: Probiotics T4, and TD3 were administered to male C57BL/6J mice fed with HFD. The gene expression of macrophage infiltration markers, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress indicators in the muscle tissue was investigated.

Metabolically healthy/unhealthy obesity and breast cancer: A possible role of plasma-derived extracellular vesicles on the cancerous behavior of triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Obesity has known detrimental effects on breast cancer (BC) development and progression. However, it's essential to consider the obesity phenotype based on metabolic health. This study aims to evaluate the impact of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from women with metabolically healthy or unhealthy normal weight, overweight, and obesity on MDA-MB-231 cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis.

The impact of a blend of Pistacia atlantica seed and canola oil compared with a blend of corn-canola oil with synthetic antioxidant and corn-canola oil without synthetic antioxidant on oxidative stress markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: protocol for a triple-blind, randomized, three-way cross-over clinical trial.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is regarded as a complex metabolic disorder. Recently, the role of dietary antioxidants in the underlying pathogenesis and complications of MetS has come into focus. Pistacia atlantica oil is known as a high antioxidant oil which might improve the antioxidant status of dietary oils and also oxidative stress markers.

Principal component analysis of adipose tissue gene expression of lipogenic and adipogenic factors in obesity.

Objective: A better understanding of mechanisms regulating lipogenesis and adipogenesis is needed to overcome the obesity pandemic. We aimed to study the relationship of the transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from obese and normal-weight women with a variety of anthropometric indices, metabolic and biochemical parameters, and insulin resistance.

Methods: Real-time PCR was done to evaluate the transcript levels of the above-mentioned genes in VAT and SAT from all participants.

The association between acylcarnitine and amino acids profile and metabolic syndrome and its components in Iranian adults: Data from STEPs 2016.

Background: Evidence, albeit with conflicting results, has suggested that cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, and hypertension, are highly associated with changes in metabolic signature, especially plasma amino acids and acylcarnitines levels. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association of circulating levels of amino acids and acylcarnitines with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Iranian adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1192 participants from the large-scale cross-sectional study of Surveillance of Risk Factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Iran (STEP 2016).

Alterations of SOCS1 and SOCS3 transcript levels, but not promoter methylation levels in subcutaneous adipose tissues in obese women.

Background: Animal model studies suggest that change in the members of the suppressor of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) family (mainly SOCS1 and SOCS3) is linked to the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Moreover, epigenetic modification is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the SOCS gene family. Here, we aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression as well as gene promoter methylation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from obese women compared to normal-weight subjects.

Amelioration of obesity-induced white adipose tissue inflammation by Bacillus coagulans T4 in a high-fat diet-induced obese murine model.

Aim: Fresh evidence suggests that B. coagulans can be regarded as a promising therapeutic alternative for metabolic disorders. However, the possible effects of this probiotic on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation are unknown.

Evaluating the association between amino acid and acylcarnitine profiles and different levels of coronary artery disease risk in postmenopausal women using targeted metabolomics technique.

Objectives: Postmenopausal women are at increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD). Metabolomic approaches aim at discovering more helpful biomarkers of CAD to reduce the disease burden in the future. Here, we intend to find potential blood biomarkers, amino acids, and acylcarnitines in postmenopausal women with different severity of CAD by using high-throughput methods.

Naltrexone protects against BDL-induced cirrhosis in Wistar rats by attenuating thrombospondin-1 and enhancing antioxidant defense system via Nrf-2.

Aims: It is well-established that thrombospondin-1 (THBS-1), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) are the pivotal players of liver fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that endogenous opioid levels increase during liver cirrhosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the effect of naltrexone (NTX), an opioid antagonist, on the alteration of these factors following bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver cirrhosis.

Evidence for the effect of soluble uric acid in augmenting endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

There is evidence regarding the association of hyperuricemia with inflammatory disorders. Hence, it has been of particular interest to dissect the exact role of alteration in uric acid (UA) levels in the context of inflammation. Recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway has come into the forefront as a possible mechanism linking hyperuricemia to inflammation.

Polyphenols: Potential anti-inflammatory agents for treatment of metabolic disorders.

Ample evidence highlights the potential benefits of polyphenols in health status especially in obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Mechanistically, due to the key role of "Metainflammation" in the pathomechanism of metabolic disorders, recently much focus has been placed on the properties of polyphenols in obesity-related morbidities. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of polyphenols, including genistein, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, and silymarin in inflammatory responses pertinent to metabolic disorders and discusses the implications of this evidence for future directions.

Mass spectrometry with derivatization method for concurrent measurement of amino acids and acylcarnitines in plasma of diabetic type 2 patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines play a key role in metabolic disease and can be used as biomarkers of various diseases such as malignancies, type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases, therefore, designing an accurate and simple laboratory method that simultaneously measure both groups of substances, could improve the process of analytes quantification. In this research, a flow injection tandem mass spectrometry (FI-MS/MS) method for simultaneous measurement of AAs and acylcarnitines in addition to results of validation is explained.

Methods: Samples were mixed with internal standards and after derivatization (with butanolic-HCL), AAs, and acylcarnitines were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry (SCIEX API 3200) Analytical performance studies were designed based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines including precision, accuracy, linearity, and limit of detection-quantification (LOD-LOQ) experiments.

The gene expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs): MEG3 and H19 in adipose tissues from obese women and its association with insulin resistance and obesity indices.

Background: There is evidence regarding the role of two lncRNAs: MEG3 and H19 the pathomechanism of obesity and related disorders. Here, we aimed to evaluate the expression of MEG3 and H19 in visceral adipose tissues (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SAT) of obese women (n = 18), as compared to normal-weight women (n = 17). Moreover, we sought to identify the association of expression of MEG3 and H19 in SAT and VAT with obesity parameters, insulin resistance, and the mRNA expression of possible target genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).

Folic acid ameliorates palmitate-induced inflammation through decreasing homocysteine and inhibiting NF-κB pathway in HepG2 cells.

Objective: Prevention of inflammation is one of the possible remedy procedure for steatohepatitis during NAFLD. In this study, we researched the folic acid (FA) potency to attenuate the inflammation of palmitate-treated HepG2 cells and the related signalling pathways.

Methods: The molecular mechanisms related to FA anti-inflammatory effect in palmitate and Hcy-treated HepG2 cell line were assessed.

The circulating levels of CTRP1 and CTRP5 are associated with obesity indices and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) value in patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary study.

Background: There is growing evidence that the C1qTNF-related protein (CTRP) family has a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We sought to identify the association of CTRP1 and CTRP5 circulating levels with various obesity parameters such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with T2D and controls.

Methods: This preliminary study consisted of men with T2D (n = 42) and men without T2D (n = 42).

Effect of rosiglitazone on circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) level in diabetes based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of eight clinical trials.

Patients with type 2 diabetes have high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and clinical data suggest a reducing effect of rosiglitazone (RSG) on the level of MDA in these patients. However, the results of available studies on the level of MDA in RSG-treated patients are not univocal. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of RSG on the level of MDA.