'The effect of neuropeptide Y1 receptor agonist on hypothalamic neurogenesis in rat experimental depression model'.

Depression is responsible for neuropathies such as decreased neurogenesis and increased dendritic atrophy. There is information that antidepressant treatments have an effect by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression. The neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1R) receptor agonist has been suggested to have anxiolytic effects.

Elevated levels of oxLDL and LOX-1: Implications for schizophrenia pathophysiology.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are both considered to be factors in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. LOX-1 (lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1) and ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) have been reported to be active in neuroinflammation pathways in which they are involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. However, its relationship with schizophrenia is unclear.

Are the promnestic effects of neurokinin 3 receptor mediated by hippocampal neurogenesis in a Aβ-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunction, memory loss and mood changes. Hippocampal neurogenesis has been suggested to play a role in learning and memory. Neurokinin 3 receptor (NK3R) has been shown to be prevalent in the hippocampus region.

What is the protective effect of preischemic kisspeptin-10 administration against ischemia/reperfusion injury of striatum on mice?

Background: Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide with a primary role on the onset of puberty and has beneficial effects on ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of kisspeptin administration on striatal I/R injury in mice.

Methods: Forty adult C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, Kisspeptin, I/R, and I/R + Kisspeptin groups.

A rare case of primary ovarian mesonephric adenocarcinoma and a review of the literature.

Objective: Are reported in the cervix in the female genital tract, has been reported in very few studies in the literature. In this report, we aimed to present a case with mesonephric carcinoma, which was detected in the ovary and is very rarely seen.

Case Report: In a case since the frozen section results of the left adnexal mass were reported as malignant.

Does Sertraline Affect Hypothalamic Food Intake Peptides in the Rat Experimental Model of Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression?

Depression is a chronic, recurrent and life-threatening disease affecting approximately 15% of the world population. Depression is responsible for neuropathologies like decreased neurogenesis and increased dendritic atrophy. Antidepressant treatments increase hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression.

GaAs nanowires on Si nanopillars: towards large scale, phase-engineered arrays.

Large-scale patterning for vapor-liquid-solid growth of III-V nanowires is a challenge given the required feature size for patterning (45 to 60 nm holes). In fact, arrays are traditionally manufactured using electron-beam lithography,for which processing times increase greatly when expanding the exposure area. In order to bring nanowire arrays one step closer to the wafer-scale we take a different approach and replace patterned nanoscale holes with Si nanopillar arrays.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats.

Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals.

In Vitro Comparison of Fluoride, Magnesium, and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Prevention of White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets.

One common negative side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) around brackets. This study is aimed at comparing the efficacy of various oral hygiene practices in preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets under similar in vitro conditions. The study included 90 extracted bovine incisors, which were randomized into six groups: fluoride toothpaste (FT), nonfluoride toothpaste (NFT), fluoride varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (FV+FT), CPP-ACP varnish plus fluoride toothpaste (CPP-ACP+FT), medical minerals gel plus nonfluoride toothpaste (MMG+NFT), and no intervention (control).

Investigation of Effects of Two Chronic Stress Protocols on Depression-Like Behaviors and Brain Mineral Levels in Female Rats: an Evaluation of 7-Day Immobilization Stress.

We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on depression-related behaviors and brain mineral levels. Adult female Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups as follows (n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 min daily for 7 days), and immobilization stress-2 (45 min twice a day for 7 day). Stress-related behavior was evaluated by means of the forced swimming test (FST) and open field test (OFT).

Altitudinal Effects on Innate Immune Response of a Subterranean Rodent.

Immune defense is costly to maintain and deploy, and the optimal investment into immune defense depends on risk of infection. Altitude is a natural environmental factor that is predicted to affect parasite abundance, with lower parasite abundance predicted at higher altitudes due to stronger environmental stressors, which reduce parasite transmission. Using high and low altitude populations of the Turkish blind mole-rat (TBMR) , we tested for effects of altitude on constitutive innate immune defense.

Long-term metabolic cage housing increases anxiety/depression-related behaviours in adult male rats.

There are several reports on unfavourable effects of metabolic cage housing on animal welfare mainly due to the characteristic structures of these cages such as single housing and grid flooring. This study was aimed to compare the effects of long-term metabolic cage housing and conventional housing (normal grouped housing in standard cages) on the anxiety/depression-like behaviours in male rats. Anxiety/depression-related behaviours were evaluated by use of forced swimming test and open field test.

Cilostazol enhances atorvastatin-induced vasodilation of female rat aorta during aging.

Statins have cholesterol-independent effects including an increased vascular nitric oxide activity and are commonly used by patients with cardiovascular disease. Such patients frequently have cardiovascular diseases, which may be treated with cilostazol, a platelet aggregation inhibitor. This study was designed to investigate whether combined use of cilostazol would increase the inhibitory effect of statin on vascular smooth muscle and how maturation would affect these responses.

SiGe quantum dot crystals with periods down to 35 nm.

By combining extreme ultraviolet interference lithography with Si/Ge molecular beam epitaxy, densely packed quantum dot (QD) arrays with lateral periodicities down to 35 nm are realized. The QD arrays are featured by perfect alignment and remarkably narrow size distribution. Also, such small periodicities allow the creation of three-dimensional QD crystals by vertical stacking of Si/Ge layers using very thin Si spacer layers.

Cerebral Vein Thrombosis after Spinal Anaesthesia with Pregnancy.

Thrombosis of cerebral veins or thrombosis of cortical and deep veins that empty into the sinuses can cause serious neurological syndromes. Cerebral vein thrombosis is seen, especially between the ages of 20-35. The predisposing factors in 80% of patients can be determined.

Pinhole diffraction holography for fabrication of high-resolution Fresnel zone plates.

Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) play an essential role in high spatial resolution x-ray imaging and analysis of materials in many fields. These diffractive lenses are commonly made by serial writing techniques such as electron beam or focused ion beam lithography. Here we show that pinhole diffraction holography has potential to generate FZP patterns that are free from aberrations and imperfections that may be present in alternative fabrication techniques.

Fabrication of high-resolution large-area patterns using EUV interference lithography in a scan-exposure mode.

Limited beam spot size is a major limitation of interference lithography. This limits the area of patterning and reduces the pattern homogeneity. We describe a scanning exposure technique to circumvent this problem.

Element-specific hysteresis loop measurements on Individual 35 nm islands with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy.

Using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy combined with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, element-specific hysteresis loops with a 25 nm X-ray probe are obtained on 35 nm Fe/Gd multilayer nanoislands fabricated by extreme ultra-violet interference lithography. Local hysteresis loops measured for the individual islands and the antidot film between the islands display similar behavior resulting from the lateral confinement. Line scan measurements confirm ferrimagnetic coupling between Fe and Gd in the patterned region.

Displacement Talbot lithography: a new method for high-resolution patterning of large areas.

Periodic micro and nano-structures can be lithographically produced using the Talbot effect. However, the limited depth-of-field of the self-images has effectively prevented its practical use, especially for high-resolution structures with periods less than 1 micrometer. In this article we show that by integrating the diffraction field transmitted by a grating mask over a distance of one Talbot period, one can obtain an effective image that is independent of the absolute distance from the mask.

High-resolution Fresnel zone plate fabrication by achromatic spatial frequency multiplication with extreme ultraviolet radiation.

We used an approach based on the self-imaging property of gratings to fabricate high-resolution Fresnel zone plates (FZPs). Under certain conditions, the illumination of a parent ZP with a wideband EUV beam produces a radially oscillating intensity distribution with double the spatial frequency of the ZP. This intensity distribution is observed in a certain distance range, given by the local zone width, the focal length of the ZP, and the spectral bandwidth of the illuminating beam.

Nanofabrication of broad-band antireflective surfaces using self-assembly of block copolymers.

We present a simple and cost-effective method for the fabrication of antireflective surfaces by self-assembly of block copolymers and subsequent plasma etching. The block copolymers create randomly oriented periodic patterns, which are further transferred into fused silica substrates. The reflection on the patterned fused silica surface is reduced to well below 1% in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges by exploiting subwavelength nanostructures with periodicities down to 48 nm.

Patterning of self-assembled pentacene nanolayers by extreme ultraviolet-induced three-dimensional polymerization.

Most researchers expect extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) to be used to create patterns below 32 nm in semiconductor devices. An ultrathin EUV photoresist (PR) layer a few nanometers thick is required to further reduce the minimum feature size. Here, we show for the first time that pentacene molecular layers can be employed as a new EUV resist.

Direct formation of ZnO nanostructures by chemical solution deposition and EUV exposure.

The development of effective methods for the fabrication of ZnO nanostructures is important for the use of this semiconductor material with interesting optical and electronic properties. Chemical solution deposition methods have been demonstrated for creating ZnO films and electron beam exposure of a precursor film, zinc naphthenate, has been shown to yield ZnO nanostructures. Here, we report on the fabrication of ZnO nanostructures with photon beam exposure of a precursor film in the extreme ultraviolet range followed by a high temperature anneal in air.