The Effects of Type 2 Diabetes on Cognitive Performance: A Review of Reviews.

Background: Multiple systematic reviews have found that type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive decrements. However, these reviews are heterogeneous in terms of methodology, quality and results, making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to build an informed overall picture. We therefore conducted a review of systematic reviews on the association between type 2 diabetes and cognitive decrements in relation to healthy controls.

Type 2 diabetes and cognitive performance in middle age: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes has been associated with cognitive decrements already in middle-age. However, the sample sizes of the studies have been small and the neuropsychological tests used have been heterogeneous. In addition, only a few studies have matched the groups in terms of age, education and gender.

Linguistic markers of processing the first months of the pandemic COVID-19: a psycholinguistic analysis of Italian university students' diaries.

A longitudinal psycholinguistic study was conducted with 107 students from different Italian universities that produced daily photo-diary entries for two weeks, one at the beginning and the other at the end of the first Italian lockdown period, imposed in view of the rapid dissemination of COVID -19. The task was to take a daily photo accompanied by a short description (text). The texts accompanying the photos were analysed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to analyze linguistic markers representing psychological processes related to the experience of the pandemic and the lockdown, identifying potential changes in psycholinguistic variables useful for understanding the psychological impact of such harsh and extended restricted living conditions on Italian students.

Primary endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in teenage patients: a short case series.

Purpose: To analyze the safety and efficacy of primary endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients younger than 18 years of age.

Methods: Review of 4 patients < 18 years of age with AIS, prospectively enrolled in an electronic database registry for acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent thrombectomy at tertiary centers, from January 2011 to February 2017. Clinical and imaging data were analyzed.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma. Challenges of a prospective study.

Purpose: To report the efficacy and complications of intra-ophthalmic artery melphalan (IAM) for treatment of patients with advanced intra-ocular retinoblastoma.

Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed, unilateral, group D retinoblastoma were included in a phase II protocol. Children with relapsed-refractory disease after systemic chemoreduction were later treated under the same guidelines.

Motivational component profiles in university students learning histology: a comparative study between genders and different health science curricula.

Background: The students' motivation to learn basic sciences in health science curricula is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different components of motivation (intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy and extrinsic -career and grade- motivation) on learning human histology in health science curricula and their relationship with the final performance of the students in histology.

Methods: Glynn Science Motivation Questionnaire II was used to compare students' motivation components to learn histology in 367 first-year male and female undergraduate students enrolled in medical, dentistry and pharmacy degree programs.

Developing an audiovisual notebook as a self-learning tool in histology: perceptions of teachers and students.

Videos can be used as didactic tools for self-learning under several circumstances, including those cases in which students are responsible for the development of this resource as an audiovisual notebook. We compared students' and teachers' perceptions regarding the main features that an audiovisual notebook should include. Four questionnaires with items about information, images, text and music, and filmmaking were used to investigate students' (n = 115) and teachers' perceptions (n = 28) regarding the development of a video focused on a histological technique.

Endovascular treatment of a pial arteriovenous fistula of a posteroinferior cerebellar artery with a double origin.

Pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVF) of the posterior fossa are rare and may present with symptoms secondary to mass effect, venous hypertension or hemorrhage, among others. A case is presented of a previously healthy 2-year-old boy with neurological deficit arising from pAVF of the posteroinferior cerebellar artery. The pAVF was successfully treated with endovascular occlusion.

How do coil configuration and packing density influence intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics?

Background And Purpose: Endovascular coiling is a well-established therapy for treating intracranial aneurysms. Nonetheless, postoperative hemodynamic changes induced by this therapy remain not fully understood. The purpose of this work is to assess the influence of coil configuration and packing density on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.

Stereoselective aza-Darzens reactions of tert-butanesulfinimines: convenient access to chiral aziridines.

Stereoselective synthesis of 2,3-di- and 2,2',3-tri-substituted aziridines in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities are achieved through aza-Darzens reactions of a range of tert-butanesulfinyl aldimines and ketimines with ethyl bromoacetate.

Feasibility of estimating regional mechanical properties of cerebral aneurysms in vivo.

Purpose: In this article, the authors studied the feasibility of estimating regional mechanical properties in cerebral aneurysms, integrating information extracted from imaging and physiological data with generic computational models of the arterial wall behavior.

Methods: A data assimilation framework was developed to incorporate patient-specific geometries into a given biomechanical model, whereas wall motion estimates were obtained from applying registration techniques to a pair of simulated MR images and guided the mechanical parameter estimation. A simple incompressible linear and isotropic Hookean model coupled with computational fluid-dynamics was employed as a first approximation for computational purposes.

Genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm identifies three new risk loci.

Saccular intracranial aneurysms are balloon-like dilations of the intracranial arterial wall; their hemorrhage commonly results in severe neurologic impairment and death. We report a second genome-wide association study with discovery and replication cohorts from Europe and Japan comprising 5,891 cases and 14,181 controls with approximately 832,000 genotyped and imputed SNPs across discovery cohorts. We identified three new loci showing strong evidence for association with intracranial aneurysms in the combined dataset, including intervals near RBBP8 on 18q11.

Percutaneous treatment of cervical disk hernias using gelified ethanol.

This study investigates the efficacy of chemonucleolysis using RGE in the treatment of cervical disk hernias in a small sample of patients who had cervical diskogenic or radicular pain secondary to disk herniations. Results were satisfactory in 89.5% patients, with no adverse events recorded during the procedure or after.

Use of angioembolization as an effective technique for the management of pediatric solid tumors.

Purpose: In oncology practice, angioembolization has been reported for tumor reduction before surgery, treatment of life-threatening conditions, and for palliative care. Nevertheless, the overall experience with angioembolization for the treatment of tumors is limited. We report our experience in 7 nonvascular solid pediatric tumors.

Transient encephalopathy from angiographic contrast: a rare complication in neurointerventional procedures.

Neurotoxicity from contrast media used in angiography is a rare complication from these procedures. The infrequency with which it is encountered makes it a diagnostic challenge. We present the case of a 51-year-old male who, 30 min after successful angiography for treatment of a right carotid-ophthalmic fusiform aneurysm with a stent, developed psychomotor agitation, disorientation, and progressive left faciobrachial hemiparesis (4/5).

Treatment of disseminated paraganglioma with gemcitabine and docetaxel.

A male with metastatic paraganglioma received different chemotherapy regimens and 14 arterial embolizations with no or short-lasting clinical benefit. He was started on gemcitabine and docetaxel and, after two cycles, remission of all clinical signs occurred over 2 months. A complete biochemical response was achieved and angiographic signs of portal hypertension disappeared.

Clinical and radiological features of posterior communicating artery aneurysms.

Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on critical size and predictive risk factors is generally accepted, but several factors contribute to the clinical outcome in a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to a ruptured aneurysm. We decided to evaluate other parameters that might contribute to the clinical outcome of patients with a ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. A retrospective review of the medical records of patients diagnosed and/or treated of cerebral aneurysms at our institution was carried out.

Temporary balloon occlusion test of the left vertebral artery using parenchymography as tolerance predictor. A case report.

Temporary balloon occlusion is used as tolerance predictor in patients undergoing vascular occlusion with the aid of clinical assessment during a 30-40 minute temporary occlusion. Several other techniques have been used to help predict each patient's tolerance. Digital cerebral parenchymography (DCP) was originally described to improve our analysis of brain perfusion during ischemic events.

Percutaneous treatment of lumbar intervertebral disk hernias with radiopaque gelified ethanol: a preliminary study.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Objective: Demonstrate the safety and efficacy of gelified ethanol in the percutaneous treatment of lumbar disk hernias.

Summary Of Background Data: After the commercial withdrawal of Chymopapain, the need for new substances to treat intervertebral disk hernias was evident.

Congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage.

Congenital aneurysm of the left atrial appendage is quite infrequent. Most instances are asymptomatic. Patients can report a variety of symptoms, one of the most frequent being onset of auricular tachyarrhythmia.

Lumbosacral liposuction. A new tool for the treatment of low back pain.

To obtain a better active contention of the lumbosacral spine, a new technique of liposuction of the fat surrounding the atrophied paraspinal muscles is described. A preliminary series of 40 patients presenting low back pain symptoms is presented. The technique, performed on an out patient basis is well tolerated.

Radial approach in the treatment of supraaortic arterial lesions.

Radial approach (mainly right) has been used in the treatment of 67 supraaortic lesions including 56 carotid, nine vertebral and two subclavian artery stenoses. This approach offers new possibilities and solves most of the remaining technical difficulties or impossibilities encountered in the endovascular treatment of supraaortic lesions. The current technique is described.

Management of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae with emphasis on an endovascular approach.

Spinal arteriovenous shunts are rare and present at a rate of approximately 1:10 with cerebral arteriovenous shunts. Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are the most common type of spinal vascular malformation in the adult and account for about 60% of all, with a marked male predominance (5:1). Endovascular treatment has gained force as the treatment of choice in recent years.