Hazardous drinking by age at migration and duration of residence among migrants in Sweden.

Introduction: Sweden, with its history of restrictive alcohol policies and a large and diverse migrant population, constitutes an interesting context for studies on alcohol consumption patterns in migrant groups. This study examines how hazardous drinking among migrants in Sweden varies by origin, duration of residence and age at migration.

Methods: Pooled cross-sectional survey data from the Västra Götaland region of Sweden, collected in 2011 and 2015, were linked to register data containing demographic, socioeconomic and migration-related factors (i.

Intersectional socioeconomic disparities in continuous smoking through pregnancy among pre-pregnant smokers in Sweden between 2006 and 2016.

Background: While well-established associations exist between socioeconomic conditions and smoking during pregnancy (SDP), less is known about social disparities in the risk of continuous SDP. Intersectional analyses that consider multiple social factors simultaneously can offer valuable insight for planning smoking cessation interventions.

Methods: We include all 146,222 pregnancies in Sweden between 2006 and 2016 where the mother smoked at three months before pregnancy.

COVID-19 mortality among immigrants by duration of residence in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Explanations for the disproportional COVID-19 burden among immigrants relative to host-country natives include differential exposure to the virus and susceptibility due to poor health conditions. Prior to the pandemic, immigrants displayed deteriorating health with duration of residence that may be associated with increased susceptibility over time. The aim of this study was to compare immigrant-native COVID-19 mortality by immigrants' duration of residence to examine the role of differential susceptibility.

Unintended Perinatal Health Consequences Associated With a Swedish Family Policy.

Importance: The 1980 and 1986 Swedish so-called speed premium policies aimed at protecting parents' income-based parental leave benefits for birth intervals shorter than 24 and 30 months, respectively, but indirectly encouraged shorter birth spacing and childbearing at older ages, both risk factors for several perinatal health outcomes. Whether those policy changes are associated with perinatal health remains unknown.

Objective: To evaluate the association between the 1980 and 1986 speed premium policies and perinatal health outcomes.

Duration of residence and offspring birth weight among foreign-born mothers in Spain: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Duration of residence has been used to monitor changes in the health of a foreign-born population in a destination country. This study assesses whether the mother's duration of residence influences the relationship between maternal origin and birth weight.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using Spanish census microdata (2011) linked to Vital Statistics (2011-15).

Advancing migration and health research by examining return migration.

This essay offers an analysis of research on return migration and health by adopting the social determinants of health (SDH) framework proposed by the WHO. Specifically, we argue that the SDH are implicated in the decision to migrate, stay or return, which in itself also contributes to social health inequities. Most theoretical frameworks developed to study migration have predominantly considered primary migration movements.

Social inequalities in the risk of giving birth to a small for gestational age child in Sweden 2010-16: a cross-sectional study adopting an intersectional approach.

Background: Well-established associations exist between the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) and unidimensional sociodemographic factors. We investigated social inequalities in SGA risk and adopted an intersectional approach that simultaneously considers different social categories. By doing so, we could assess heterogeneities in SGA risk within unidimensional sociodemographic categories.

Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality by fathers' parental leave: A quasi-experimental study in Sweden.

Background And Aims: Fathers' parental leave has been associated with decreased risks of alcohol-related hospitalizations and mortality. Whether this is attributable to the health protections of parental leave itself (through stress reduction or behavioral changes) or to selection into leave uptake remains unclear, given that fathers are more likely to use leave if they are in better health. Using the quasi-experimental variation of a reform incentivizing fathers' leave uptake (the 1995 Father's quota reform), this study aimed to assess whether fathers' parental leave influences alcohol-related morbidity and mortality.

Is duration of residence a proxy for acculturation? The case of health risk behaviors among international immigrants.

Aims: Among international immigrants, health changes by duration of residence are commonly interpreted as an expression of acculturation to the receiving country context. This study compares changes in immigrants' health risk behaviors by duration of residence to changes by acculturation levels, in order to assess whether duration of residence can be regarded as a proxy for acculturation.

Methods: Using data from a previous systematic review, we identified 17 quantitative studies examining changes in alcohol, tobacco and drug use, physical inactivity, and diet by both duration of residence and acculturation level in the same population.

Income mortality paradox by immigrants' duration of residence in Sweden: a population register-based study.

Background: Studies have shown that, compared with the general native population, immigrants display weaker or absent income gradients in mortality. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which the income gradient is modified by immigrants' duration of residence in Sweden.

Methods: Swedish register data from 2004 to 2016 were used to study the association between individual income and all-cause mortality among foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals at ages 25-64 years.

Inequalities in COVID-19 severe morbidity and mortality by country of birth in Sweden.

Migrants have been more affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether this has varied over the course of the pandemic remains unknown. We examined how inequalities in intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death related to COVID-19 by country of birth have evolved over the course of the pandemic, while considering the contribution of social conditions and vaccination uptake.

Explaining COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden from a social determinants of health perspective (COVIS): protocol for a national register-based observational study.

Introduction: Adopting a social determinants of health perspective, this project aims to study how disproportionate COVID-19 mortality among immigrants in Sweden is associated with social factors operating through differential exposure to the virus (eg, by being more likely to work in high-exposure occupations) and differential effects of infection arising from socially patterned, pre-existing health conditions, differential healthcare seeking and inequitable healthcare provision.

Methods And Analysis: This observational study will use health (eg, hospitalisations, deaths) and sociodemographic information (eg, occupation, income, social benefits) from Swedish national registers linked using unique identity numbers. The study population includes all adults registered in Sweden in the year before the start of the pandemic (2019), as well as individuals who immigrated to Sweden or turned 18 years of age after the start of the pandemic (2020).

Differences in hospitalizations associated with severe COVID-19 disease among foreign- and Swedish-born.

Background: Differences in pre-existing health conditions are hypothesized to explain immigrants' excess COVID-19 mortality compared to natives. In this study, we evaluate whether immigrants residing in Sweden before the outbreak were more likely to be hospitalized for conditions associated with severe COVID-19 disease.

Methods: A cohort study using population-register data was conducted with follow-up between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2017.

The effect of parental leave on parents' mental health: a systematic review.

Mental health disorders during the post-partum period are a common morbidity, but parental leave might help alleviate symptoms by preventing or reducing stress. We aim to summarise available evidence on the effect of different types of parental leave on mental health outcomes among parents. For this systematic review, we searched Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus from database inception to Aug 29, 2022, for peer-reviewed, quantitative studies written in English.

Mental health by native-immigrant intermarriage in Sweden: a register-based retrospective cohort study.

Background: Native-immigrant intermarriage is often regarded as a proxy for integration, given that intermarried immigrants are more socioeconomically and culturally similar to natives than intramarried immigrants. This study aimed to assess whether integration affects mental health and care-seeking behaviours, examining prescription hazards for psychotropic medications by native-immigrant marital composition in Sweden.

Methods: Total population register data were used to identify first-time married couples residing in Sweden between 31 December 2005 and 31 December 2016.

Health Risk Behaviours by Immigrants' Duration of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim was to systematically review and synthesise international evidence on changes in health risk behaviours by immigrants' duration of residence. We searched literature databases for peer-reviewed quantitative studies published from 2000 to 2019, examining alcohol, drug and tobacco use; physical inactivity; and dietary habits by duration of residence. Narrative synthesis indicated that immigrants tend to adopt health risk behaviours with longer residence in North America, with larger variation in effect sizes and directionality in other contexts.

Immigrant ancestry and birthweight across two generations born in Sweden: an intergenerational cohort study.

Introduction: Differences in birthweight are often seen between migrants and natives. However, whether migrant-native birthweight inequalities widen, narrow or remain persistent across generations when comparing the descendants of immigrants and natives remains understudied. We examined inequalities in birthweight of mothers (G2) and daughters (G3) of foreign-born grandmothers (G1) compared with those of Swedish-born grandmothers.

Investigating the salmon bias effect among international immigrants in Sweden: a register-based open cohort study.

Background: Studies of migration and health have hypothesized that immigrants may emigrate when they develop poor health (salmon bias effect), which may partially explain the mortality advantage observed among immigrants in high-income countries. We evaluated the salmon bias effect by comparing the health of immigrants in Sweden who emigrated with those who remained, while also exploring potential variation by macro-economic conditions, duration of residence and region of origin.

Methods: A longitudinal, open cohort study design was used to assess risk of emigration between 1992 and 2016 among all adult (18+ years) foreign-born persons who immigrated to Sweden between 1965 and 2012 (n = 1 765 459).

Psychiatric consequences of a father's leave policy by nativity: a quasi-experimental study in Sweden.

Background: Parental leave use has been found to promote maternal and child health, with limited evidence of mental health impacts on fathers. How these effects vary for minority populations with poorer mental health and lower leave uptake, such as migrants, remains under-investigated. This study assessed the effects of a Swedish policy to encourage fathers' leave, the 1995 , on Swedish-born and migrant fathers' psychiatric hospitalisations.

Intermarriage and COVID-19 mortality among immigrants. A population-based cohort study from Sweden.

Objectives: To evaluate the role of language proficiency and institutional awareness in explaining excess COVID-19 mortality among immigrants.

Design: Cohort study with follow-up between 12 March 2020 and 23 February 2021.

Setting: Swedish register-based study on all residents in Sweden.

Unintended health consequences of Swedish parental leave policy (ParLeHealth): protocol for a quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Sweden has long been praised for a generous parental leave policy oriented towards facilitating a gender-equitable approach to work and parenting. Yet certain aspects of Swedish parental leave could also be responsible for the maintenance of (or even the increase in) health inequalities. Using a 'Health in All Policies' lens, this research project aims to assess the unintended health consequences of various components of Sweden's parental leave policy, including eligibility for and uptake of earnings based benefits.

Preterm disparities between foreign and Swedish born mothers depend on the method used to estimate gestational age. A Swedish population-based register study.

This study aims to examine whether disparities in gestational age outcomes between foreign and Swedish-born mothers are contingent on the measure used to estimate gestational age and, if so, to identify which maternal factors are associated with the discrepancy. Using population register data, we studied all singleton live births in Sweden from 1992-2012 (n = 1,317,265). Multinomial logistic regression was performed to compare gestational age outcomes classified into very (<32 weeks) and late preterm (32-36 weeks), term and post-term derived from the last menstrual period (LMP) and ultrasound estimates in foreign- and Swedish-born women.

Early pregnancy overweight/obesity and length of residence among immigrants in Sweden: a pooled analysis of Swedish population registers between 1992 and 2012.

Objective: To examine whether the association between women's origin and early pregnancy overweight and obesity (OW/OB) varies by length of residence in Sweden.

Design: This cross-sectional observational study used pooled Swedish population register data from 1992 to 2012. Logistic regression models were run to estimate odds ratios (OR) of early pregnancy OW/OB and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI), comparing Swedish-born and immigrants by length-of-residence categories while adjusting for covariates.