Synthesis and Characterization of Photocurable Difunctional Monomers for Medical Applications.

Photocurable materials offer a rapid transition from a liquid to a solid state, and have recently received great interest in the medical field. However, while dental resins are very popular, only a few materials have been developed for soft tissue repair. This study aims to synthesize a difunctional methacrylate monomer using a dibutyltin dilaurate which is suitable for the photocuring of soft materials.

European Respiratory Society Research Seminar on Preventing Pediatric Asthma.

This report is a summary of the presentations given at the European Respiratory Society's Research Seminar on Asthma Prevention. The seminar reviewed both epidemiological and mechanistic studies and concluded that; (i) reducing exposure of pregnant women and children to air pollution will reduce incident asthma, (ii) there are promising data that both fish oil and a component of raw cow's milk prevent asthma, and (iii) modulating trained immunity by either mimicking helminth infection or oral and sublingual bacterial products is a promising area of research.

The influence of lifestyle and environmental factors on host resilience through a homeostatic skin microbiota: An EAACI Task Force Report.

Human skin is colonized with skin microbiota that includes commensal bacteria, fungi, arthropods, archaea and viruses. The composition of the microbiota varies at different anatomical locations according to changes in body temperature, pH, humidity/hydration or sebum content. A homeostatic skin microbiota is crucial to maintain epithelial barrier functions, to protect from invading pathogens and to interact with the immune system.

The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases.

The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide.

Improving the Sustainability of Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(butylene adipate)-Based Copolyesters: Polycondensation Reaction in Bulk vs Diphenyl Ether.

In response to mounting global concerns such as CO emissions, environmental pollution, and the depletion of fossil resources, the field of polymer science is shifting its focus toward sustainability. This research investigates the synthesis of poly(butylene adipate)-co-(dilinoleic adipate) (PBA-DLA) copolymers using two distinct methods: bulk polycondensation and polycondensation in diphenyl ether. The objective is to assess the environmental impact, chemical structure, composition, and key properties of the resulting copolymers, with a particular emphasis on determining the viability of bulk synthesis as a more sustainable approach.

Allergen-specific B cell responses in oral immunotherapy-induced desensitization, remission, and natural outgrowth in cow's milk allergy.

Background: Antigen-specific memory B cells play a key role in the induction of desensitization and remission to food allergens in oral immunotherapy and in the development of natural tolerance (NT). Here, we characterized milk allergen Bos d 9-specific B cells in oral allergen-specific immunotherapy (OIT) and in children spontaneously outgrowing cow's milk allergy (CMA) due to NT.

Methods: Samples from children with CMA who received oral OIT (before, during, and after), children who naturally outgrew CMA (NT), and healthy individuals were received from Stanford biobank.

Digitally-enabled, person-centred care (PCC) in allergen immunotherapy: An ARIA-EAACI Position Paper.

In rhinitis and asthma, several mHealth apps have been developed but only a few have been validated. However, these apps have a high potential for improving person-centred care (PCC), especially in allergen immunotherapy (AIT). They can provide support in AIT initiation by selecting the appropriate patient and allergen shared decision-making.

Enzymatic synthesis of furan-based copolymers: Material characterization and potential for biomedical applications.

Background: Today's growing demand for advanced and sustainable polyester materials is driven by an increasing awareness of the environmental impact of traditional materials, emphasizing the need for eco-friendly alternatives. Sustainability has become central in materials development, including the biomedical area, where biobased and environmentally friendly solutions are a rapidly growing field.

Objectives: This research aims to comprehensively evaluate a new enzymatically catalyzed furan-based copolymer, poly(decamethylene furanoate)-co-(dilinoleic furanoate) (PDF-DLF), with a 70-30 wt% hard-to-soft segment ratio.

A cross talk between microbial metabolites and host immunity: Its relevance for allergic diseases.

Background: Allergic diseases, including respiratory and food allergies, as well as allergic skin conditions have surged in prevalence in recent decades. In allergic diseases, the gut microbiome is dysbiotic, with reduced diversity of beneficial bacteria and increased abundance of potential pathogens. Research findings suggest that the microbiome, which is highly influenced by environmental and dietary factors, plays a central role in the development, progression, and severity of allergic diseases.

Immune Mechanisms Underpinning Long COVID: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2024.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in a prolonged multisystem disorder termed long COVID, which may affect up to 10% of people following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is currently unclear why certain individuals do not fully recover following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Summary: In this review, we examine immunological mechanisms that may underpin the pathophysiology of long COVID.

Metabolic pathways in immune senescence and inflammaging: Novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory lung diseases. An EAACI position paper from the Task Force for Immunopharmacology.

The accumulation of senescent cells drives inflammaging and increases morbidity of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Immune responses are built upon dynamic changes in cell metabolism that supply energy and substrates for cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Metabolic changes imposed by environmental stress and inflammation on immune cells and tissue microenvironment are thus chiefly involved in the pathophysiology of allergic and other immune-driven diseases.

Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients.

Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which the body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by the gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this can be a beneficial strategy during infection, it also is associated with non-communicable diseases-where the pathogen is missing; leading to increased morbidity and mortality as micronutritional uptake and distribution in the body is hindered. Here, we discuss the acute immune response in respect to nutrients, the opposing nutritional demands of regulatory and inflammatory cells and particularly focus on some nutrients linked with inflammation such as iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, and other antioxidants.

Epithelial Barrier Theory: The Role of Exposome, Microbiome, and Barrier Function in Allergic Diseases.

Allergic diseases are a major public health problem with increasing prevalence. These immune-mediated diseases are characterized by defective epithelial barriers, which are explained by the epithelial barrier theory and continuously emerging evidence. Environmental exposures (exposome) including global warming, changes and loss of biodiversity, pollution, pathogens, allergens and mites, laundry and dishwasher detergents, surfactants, shampoos, body cleaners and household cleaners, microplastics, nanoparticles, toothpaste, enzymes and emulsifiers in processed foods, and dietary habits are responsible for the mucosal and skin barrier disruption.

The epithelial barrier: The gateway to allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions.

Since the 1960 s, our health has been compromised by exposure to over 350,000 newly introduced toxic substances, contributing to the current pandemic in allergic, autoimmune and metabolic diseases. The "Epithelial Barrier Theory" postulates that these diseases are exacerbated by persistent periepithelial inflammation (epithelitis) triggered by exposure to a wide range of epithelial barrier-damaging substances as well as genetic susceptibility. The epithelial barrier serves as the body's primary physical, chemical, and immunological barrier against external stimuli.

Enzymatically catalyzed furan-based copolyesters containing dilinoleic diol as a building block.

A more environmentally friendly method for creating sustainable alternatives to traditional aromatic-aliphatic polyesters is a valuable step towards resource-efficiency optimization. A library of furan-based block copolymers was synthesized temperature-varied two-step polycondensation reaction in diphenyl ether using lipase B (CAL-B) as a biocatalyst where dimethyl 2,5-furandicarboxylate (DMFDCA), α,ω-aliphatic linear diols (α,ω-ALD), and bio-based dilinoleic diol (DLD) were used as the starting materials. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (H and C NMR), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) were used to analyze the resulting copolymers.

Characteristics and Prescribing Patterns of Clinicians Waivered to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder Before and After Release of New Practice Guidelines.

Importance: In April 2021, the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released practice guidelines exempting educational requirements to obtain a Drug Addiction Treatment Act (DATA) waiver to treat up to 30 patients with opioid use disorder with buprenorphine.

Objective: To compare demographic and practice characteristics of clinicians who received traditional DATA waivers before and after release of the education-exempted HHS practice guidelines and those who were approved under the guidelines.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This survey study was conducted electronically from February 1 to March 1, 2022.

Comparison of the Usability of Apple M2 and M1 Processors for Various Machine Learning Tasks.

Thispaper compares the usability of various Apple MacBook Pro laptops were tested for basic machine learning research applications, including text-based, vision-based, and tabular data. Four tests/benchmarks were conducted using four different MacBook Pro models-M1, M1 Pro, M2, and M2 Pro. A script written in Swift was used to train and evaluate four machine learning models using the Create ML framework, and the process was repeated three times.