Human TRPV1 is an efficient thermogenetic actuator for chronic neuromodulation.

Thermogenetics is a promising neuromodulation technique based on the use of heat-sensitive ion channels. However, on the way to its clinical application, a number of questions have to be addressed. First, to avoid immune response in future human applications, human ion channels should be studied as thermogenetic actuators.

Biphasic Npas4 expression promotes inhibitory plasticity and suppression of fear memory consolidation in mice.

Long-term memories are believed to be encoded by unique transcriptional signatures in the brain. The expression of immediate early genes (IEG) promotes structural and molecular changes required for memory consolidation. Recent evidence has shown that the brain is equipped with mechanisms that not only promote, but actively constrict memory formation.

Hydrogen peroxide is not generated intracellularly in human neural spheroids during ischemia-reperfusion.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered a primary source of damage during ischemic stroke. However, the precise timing of ROS production (during hypoxia or reperfusion) remains unclear. Cellular 3D spheroids are often proposed as an optimal alternative to both 2D cell cultures and animal models in modeling disease conditions.

Nitric Oxide Synthase Blockade Impairs Spontaneous Calcium Activity in Mouse Primary Hippocampal Culture Cells.

Oscillation of intracellular calcium concentration is a stable phenomenon that affects cellular function throughout the lifetime of both electrically excitable and non-excitable cells. Nitric oxide, a gaseous secondary messenger and the product of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), affects intracellular calcium dynamics. Using mouse hippocampal primary cultures, we recorded the effect of NOS blockade on neuronal spontaneous calcium activity.

Chemogenetic emulation of intraneuronal oxidative stress affects synaptic plasticity.

Oxidative stress, a state of disrupted redox signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, and oxidative cell damage, accompanies numerous brain pathologies, including aging-related dementia and Alzheimer's disease, the most common neurodegenerative disorder of the elderly population. However, a causative role of neuronal oxidative stress in the development of aging-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration remains elusive because of the lack of approaches for modeling isolated oxidative injury in the brain. Here, we present a chemogenetic approach based on the yeast flavoprotein d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) for the generation of intraneuronal hydrogen peroxide (HO).

[PROXIMAL FEMUR FRACTURES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC].

Introduction: A larger number of proximal hip fractures occur outdoors rather than within a patient's home.

Background: At the beginning of 2020, Covid-19 was classified as a global pandemic. Elderly patients are at risk for both occurrences of osteoporotic proximal hip fractures and for increased morbidity and mortality due to infection with Covid-19.

Spontaneous Ca events are linked to the development of neuronal firing during maturation in mice primary hippocampal culture cells.

Calcium is one of the most vital intracellular secondary messengers that tightly regulates a variety of cell physiology processes, especially in the brain. Using a fluorescent Ca-sensitive Oregon Green probe, we revealed three different amplitude distributions of spontaneous Ca events (SCEs) in neurons between 15 and 26 days in vitro (DIV) culture maturation. We detected a series of amplitude events: micro amplitude SCE (microSCE) 25% increase from the baseline, intermediate amplitude SCE (interSCE) as 25-75%, and macro amplitude SCE (macroSCE) - over 75%.

Decrease in incidence of proximal femur fractures in the elderly population during the Covid-19 pandemic: a case-control study.

Background: The World Health Organization classified Covid-19 as a pandemic during the first months of 2020 as lockdown measures were implemented globally to mitigate the increasing incidence of Covid-19-related morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of national lockdown measures on proximal femur fracture epidemiology. Our hypothesis was that due to the prolonged period of stay-at-home orders, we would observe a decrease in the incidence of proximal femur fractures during the years 2020-21.

; RESULTS OF RESECTION METHODS OF TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH GIANT PYLORODUODENAL ULCERS COMPLICATED BY PERFORATION AND BLEEDING.

We studied the immediate and long-term results of various methods of gastric resection in 35 patients operated at the S.S. Yudin State Medical Center in Moscow from 2000 to 2019.

COVID-19: Review of a 21st Century Pandemic from Etiology to Neuro-psychiatric Implications.

COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease that has claimed >150,000 lives and infected millions in the United States thus far, especially the elderly population. Emerging evidence has shown the virus to cause hemorrhagic and immunologic responses, which impact all organs, including lungs, kidneys, and the brain, as well as extremities. SARS-CoV-2 also affects patients', families', and society's mental health at large.

PECULIARITIES OF ACID PRODUCTION AND PATHOGENESIS OF PYLORIC AND PREPYLORIC GASTRIC ULCER COMPLICATIONS.

The purpose of the study was to identify the pathogenesis features of prepiloric and pyloric ulcers and to establish the cause of resistance to conservative therapy and the tendency to complicated course of type III ulcers according to H.D. Johnson.

Technical Note: The design and function of a horizontal patient rotation system for the purposes of fixed-beam cancer radiotherapy.

Purpose: Cancer radiation therapy treatment is performed by delivering a 3D dose distribution to the tumor via the relative rotation between beam and patient. While most modern machines rotate the radiation beam around a still patient, the treatment can also be delivered by rotating the patient relative to a fixed beam. Fixed-beam, patient rotation radiotherapy machines show promise for reducing the size, surface area footprint, and shielding requirements compared with rotating gantry machines.

Varicella-Zoster-Mediated Radiculitis Reactivation following Cervical Spine Surgery: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 are neurotropic viruses that can be reactivated after a surgical or stressful intervention. Although such cases are uncommon, consequences can be debilitating, and variable treatment responses merit consideration. We describe a 41-year-old male with a history of varicella-mediated skin eruptions, who presented with continuing right arm pain, burning, and numbness in a C6 dermatomal distribution following a C5-6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and epidural steroid injections.

[Manifesting schizophrenic attacks in female adolescents].

Authors have analyzed pre-manifesting symptoms as well as initial and manifesting stages of the disease on the basis of examination of 70 patients, aged 15-17 years. Schizoid and psychastenic types dominated in the premorbid structure of personality. The following variants of the initial stage were singled out: affective, psychopathic-like, with overvalued disorders, neurotic-like, with the predomination of simplex-syndrome, clinically polymorphic.

[A role of sex in the development of manifesting schizophrenic psychoses in adolescents].

To study an effect of sex on symptoms and course of schizophrenia, we have compared two groups (n=70) of adolescents of both sexes with manifesting schizophrenic psychoses. Between-group differences in the family history of schizophrenia, premorbid functioning, typology and duration of initial and manifesting stages of the attack, dynamics of psychosis, frequency of cognitive disorders have been revealed. These differences may predict a benign course of schizophrenic psychosis in girls as compared to boys.

[Changes of the level of serum antibodies to neuroantigens in patients with schizophrenia during the treatment].

The level of antibodies (AT) to neuroantigens (nerve growth factor and basic myelin protein) has been studied in the serum of 80 patients with schizophrenia, attack-like type, (ICD-10 items F20.01-02) during the treatment with psychotropic drugs. Therapeutic effectiveness has been measured clinically and with the PANSS.

[Serum immunological markers as predictors of effectiveness of antipsychotic therapy in patients with schizophrenia].

Serum immunological parameters - activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and a1-proteinase inhibitor (a1-PI), content of C-reactive protein, von Willebrand factor, interleukin 8 as well as a level of autoantibodies to neuroantigens (nerve growth factor and basic myelin protein) were studied in patients with schizophrenia during their treatment with psychotropic drugs. All parameters studied differed in the groups of patients and controls. However, the pronounced dynamics was found only for LE and a1-PI activity.

Primary herpetic peritonitis causing intestinal perforation: case report and review of the literature.

Peritonitis of viral etiology is rarely reported in the literature; a prior report described a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who had the disease. We report a case of primary herpetic peritonitis (the agent of which was typed by polymerase chain reaction as herpes simplex virus biotype 1), which caused intestinal perforation, and we review the current literature and provide possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Rapid identification of group A streptococcus as the cause of necrotizing fasciitis.

Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) causes a spectrum of highly aggressive, invasive infections. We report two cases of necrotizing fasciitis in which GAS was identified as the presumptive causative organism with the use of the standard rapid streptococcal diagnostic kit. We believe the rapid test kits may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis and treatment of this catastrophic illness and may play a role in limiting the spread of infection.

[Planning of computerized tomography using an X-ray stereogrammetry method].

X-ray stereogrammetry is used to derive the geometry of optimum body section. Principles and methodology of a trial-and-error technique for X-ray stereogrammetric survey are analysed. Calculations of the optimum slice for one of the clinical situations are presented along with experimental results obtained with a computed tomograph.